多路复用量子-经典网络中跨五节点中继的纠缠交换
Entanglement swapping across a five-node relay in a multiplexed quantum-classical network
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院物理、数学与天文学部）
- Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院量子技术联盟）
- Department of Physics, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María（智利弗雷德里科·圣塔玛丽亚理工大学物理系）
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University（哈佛大学约翰·A·保尔森工程与应用科学学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究首次在同一光纤上实现纠缠交换与经典通信共存，通过五节点中继和40公里光纤传输10-Gbps数据，为量子与经典网络融合部署提供路线图。
AI中文摘要：
量子网络是扩展量子计算机和分布式传感技术的资源，同时提供后量子安全优势。通过所谓的纠缠交换来传送非经典资源（如纠缠），对于网络至关重要，特别是通过量子中继器克服速率-损耗限制。在真实基础设施上部署这些系统，可能需要将光子量子比特复用进承载‘经典’光的纤纤中，这些经典光编码标准互联网通信和多节点量子协议的控制平面信号。在此，我们报告了在同一光纤上运行的纠缠交换和常规通信的首次演示。纠缠在由四根长距离光纤连接的五节点量子中继拓扑中交换，每根光纤都承载经典数据信号。C波段的时间-箱纠缠光子与C波段经典信号通过密集波分复用进行复用，引入了由高功率经典光产生的噪声光子。我们通过实验和理论表征了量子保真度与拉曼噪声光子之间的权衡。纠缠交换在最大光纤长度40公里（四根10公里光纤）上演示，同时通过所有光纤传输10-Gbps的经典数据。这些结果代表了共存的量子与经典网络在演示复杂性方面的重大进展，并为实现先进量子技术的广泛部署提供了路线图。
英文摘要：
Quantum networks are resources for scaling quantum computers and distributed sensing technologies while offering post-quantum security benefits. Teleporting non-classical resources like entanglement, via so called entanglement swapping, is essential for networks in particular overcoming rate-loss limits via quantum repeaters. Deploying these systems on real infrastructure will likely require multiplexing photonic qubits into fibers carrying 'classical' light encoding standard Internet communications and control plane signals for multi-node quantum protocols. Here, we report the first demonstration of entanglement swapping and conventional communications operating over the same fibers. Entanglement is swapped across a five-node quantum relay topology connected by four long-distance fibers, each populated with classical data signals. Time-bin entangled photons in the C-band are multiplexed alongside C-band classical signals using dense-wavelength division multiplexing, introducing noise photons generated by high-power classical light. We experimentally and theoretically characterize the trade-off between quantum fidelity and Raman noise photons. Entanglement swapping is demonstrated over a maximum fiber length of 40 km (four 10-km fibers) while simultaneously transmitting 10-Gbps classical data through all fibers. These results represent a significant advancement in the demonstrated complexity of coexisting quantum and classical networks and provide a roadmap for achieving the widespread deployment of advanced quantum technologies.
