三营养级食物链中的最优觅食区域
Optimum foraging area in a three-trophic food chain
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过三营养级捕食者-猎物模型，结合元胞自动机与配对近似，发现最优觅食区域不最大化种群密度，而是形成一系列可共存的进化稳定策略。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
生物的觅食策略受搜索区域与局部捕获效率之间权衡的塑造。这种权衡导致个体将其觅食区域调整至最优值，从而影响种群动态。在此，我们研究了由三个营养级组成的捕食者-猎物模型中多个觅食区域的影响。捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用仅发生在捕食者的有限邻域内，适应可在世代间发生。我们假设一种权衡，即局部捕食效率与觅食区域成反比。这些动态通过元胞自动机进行计算实现，并通过平均场和配对近似的主方程进行解析分析。与平均场近似不同，配对近似重现了模拟中观察到的种群密度对觅食区域的依赖性。然而，模拟显示最优觅食区域并未使种群密度最大化。此外，我们发现出现了多态种群，其中不是单一最优策略，而是一系列最优策略可以共存。利用自适应动力学框架，我们确认最优区域范围并非使种群规模最大化的范围，而是能够入侵种群且不被入侵的进化稳定策略。
英文摘要
Organisms' foraging strategies are shaped by a trade-off between search area and local capture efficiency. This trade-off leads individuals to adapt their foraging area to an optimal value, impacting population dynamics. Here we study the effect of multiple foraging areas in a predator-prey model composed of three trophic levels. The interactions between predators and prey occur only within a limited neighborhood of the predators, where adaptation can occur over generations. We assume a trade-off where local predation efficiency is inversely proportional to the foraging area. These dynamics were implemented computationally via cellular automata and analytically via Master Equations with mean-field and pair approximations. Unlike the mean-field approximation, the pair approximation reproduced the dependence of population density on foraging area observed in the simulations. However, the simulations showed that the optimal foraging area does not maximize population density. Moreover, we found that a polymorphic population emerged, where not a single optimal strategy but a range of optimal strategies can coexist. Using the framework of Adaptive Dynamics, we confirm that the range of optimal areas is not the one that maximizes population size, but the Evolutionary Stable Strategy that can invade a population and not be invaded.
发表机构
- Universidade Federal do Paraná（巴拉那联邦大学）
- Universidade Estadual Paulista（圣保罗州立大学）
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas（坎皮纳斯州立大学）
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