球面上费米子配对的几何驱动抑制
Geometry-Driven Suppression of Fermionic Pairing on a Spherical Surface
- Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学）
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)（意大利国家核物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
研究球面上吸引性费米气体的基态，发现曲率导致强吸引区BEC与弱吸引区BCS行为偏离平面，并在幻数粒子数处出现几何驱动的配对抑制，突显几何、统计与相互作用的关联。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究了限制在球面上的双组分吸引性费米气体的基态性质，展示了曲率和有限尺寸效应如何导致与平面极限相比定性不同的行为。在强吸引区域，系统形成紧密束缚二聚体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC），产生的能隙和化学势趋近于平直空间结果，并带有首阶几何修正。然而，随着吸引减弱，系统跨越到巴丁-库珀-施里弗（BCS）区域，其中库珀对尺寸受到球面半径的约束，产生与平直空间行为的显著偏差。我们在由单粒子谱设定的幻数粒子数处识别出强壳层效应，揭示了弱相互作用下费米子配对的几何驱动抑制。我们的结果突显了几何、量子统计和相互作用之间的基本相互作用，为未来使用壳层囚禁超冷费米子的实验提供了动力，并启发了几何控制的凝聚态器件。
英文摘要
We investigate the ground-state properties of a two-component attractive Fermi gas confined to a spherical surface, demonstrating how curvature and finite-size effects lead to qualitatively different behavior compared to the planar limit. In the strongly attractive regime, the system forms a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of tightly bound dimers, yielding a gap and chemical potential that approach flat-space results with leading-order geometric corrections. However, as the attraction decreases, the system crosses over into a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regime where the Cooper pair size becomes constrained by the sphere radius, producing pronounced deviations from flat-space behavior. We identify strong shell effects at magic particle numbers set by the single-particle spectrum, revealing the geometry-driven suppression of fermionic pairing at weak interactions. Our results highlight a fundamental interplay among geometry, quantum statistics, and interactions, motivating future experiments with shell-trapped ultracold fermions and inspiring geometry-controlled condensed matter devices.
