发表机构
California State University, Fresno; Università di Camerino; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia; SUNY Polytechnic Institute; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University（弗雷斯诺州立大学; 卡梅里诺大学; 意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台; 意大利国家核物理研究所佩鲁贾分部; 纽约州立理工大学; 阿里-法拉比哈萨克国立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究探讨旋转幂律Kalb-Ramond几何的因果结构，发现其光子轨道和能层特性，并构造临界曲线，与M87*和Sgr A*观测比较，为引力理论检验提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了一个稳态且轴对称的幂律Kalb-Ramond几何，该几何是渐近平坦静态解的旋转扩展。我们重构了支持该几何的精确逆爱因斯坦源，并确定了其能量条件和曲率性质。我们刻画了视界和静止极限构型，并通过其随角度变化的径向厚度以及坐标和固有空间体积来量化外部能层。我们推导了不稳定的球形光子区域，并表明Kalb-Ramond变形在较低自旋时将顺行光子轨道移入能层内，而逆行区域在整个域内始终保持在外部。从不稳定光子区域，我们构造了精确的真空临界曲线，并分析了其面积等效直径和位移，包括在渐近允许域内与M87$^\ast$和Sgr~A$^\ast$的比较。我们进一步研究了固定$J$的几何行为和旋转能量提取，重点讨论了旋转弱偏转和二维弱透镜效应，并评论了我们的解在可观测结果方面的物理意义。
英文摘要
We investigate a stationary and axisymmetric power law Kalb-Ramond geometry, obtained as a rotating extension of the asymptotically flat static solution. We reconstruct the exact inverse Einstein source supporting the geometry and determine its energy conditions and curvature properties. We characterize the horizon and stationary limit configurations and quantify the outer ergoregion through its angular dependent radial thickness plus its coordinate and proper spatial volumes. We derive the unstable spherical photon region and show that the Kalb-Ramond deformation shifts the prograde photon orbit into the ergoregion at lower spin, while the retrograde region remains outside throughout the entire domain. From the unstable photon region, we construct the exact vacuum critical curve and analyze its area equivalent diameter and displacement, including comparisons with M87$^\ast$ and Sgr~A$^\ast$ within the asymptotically admissible domain. We further examine the fixed-$J$ geometric behavior and rotational energy extraction, with emphasis to rotating weak deflection and two dimensional weak lensing, commenting the physical consequences of our solution in terms of observable outcomes.
Comments16 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
