发表机构
Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Auburn University; Princeton University（橡树岭国家实验室; 基耶蒂-佩斯卡拉“G. d’Annunzio”大学; 奥本大学; 普林斯顿大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过零维光化学箱模型评估辐射冷却器对休斯顿对流层臭氧的影响，发现完全部署可使臭氧增加30%，并提出优化设计以平衡冷却性能与空气质量。
AI 中文摘要
近年来，辐射冷却器被广泛探索用于减少建筑冷负荷或降低温度，并在城市尺度上作为缓解热量的措施。然而，辐射冷却器部署对大气化学成分的潜在影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索。近期设计的辐射冷却器的一个显著特征是其高紫外线（UV）反射率，这是在强阳光下实现低于环境温度冷却所必需的。然而，广泛采用此类紫外反射辐射冷却器可能会显著增加其上方大气中的紫外光化通量。这进而可能影响对流层臭氧浓度，尤其是在NOx浓度高的城市大气中。在此，作为案例研究，我们使用一个零维光化学箱模型，该模型受德克萨斯州休斯顿城市环境中气象条件和化学浓度的现场测量约束，来探索广泛使用紫外反射辐射冷却器对臭氧浓度的潜在影响。我们的计算表明，在休斯顿特定的气象条件下，完全部署辐射冷却器可能使对流层臭氧水平增加多达30%。根据波长依赖性建模结果，我们提出了具体设计，即具有不同紫外反射率的颜料辐射冷却器和紫外吸收可见光再发射荧光辐射冷却器，这些设计可以在保持可观冷却性能的同时最小化不利的臭氧生成。我们的结果促使进一步研究广泛部署如超白屋顶涂料等辐射冷却设计对空气质量的影响，以及同时最小化不利光化学影响和最大化冷却性能的材料。
英文摘要
Recently, radiative coolers have been widely explored for reducing cooling loads or lowering temperatures in buildings, and at urban scales as a heat-mitigation measure. However, the potential impacts of radiative cooler deployment on the chemical composition of the atmosphere remain largely unexplored. A defining feature of recently-designed radiative coolers is their high ultraviolet (UV) reflectance, which is required for sub-ambient cooling under strong sunlight. Yet, wide adoption of such UV-reflective radiative coolers could substantially increase the UV actinic flux in the atmosphere above. This, in turn, may affect tropospheric ozone concentrations, particularly in urban atmospheres with high NOx concentrations. Here, as a case study, we use a 0-dimensional photochemical box model, constrained by field measurements of meteorological conditions and chemical concentrations in the urban environment of Houston, Texas, to explore the potential impact of the widespread use of UV-reflective radiative coolers on ozone concentrations. Our calculations show that complete deployment of radiative coolers may increase tropospheric ozone levels by as much as 30% during specific meteorological conditions in Houston. Informed by the wavelength-dependent modelling results, we propose specific designs, namely pigmented radiative coolers with different UV reflectances, and UV-absorptive visible-reemitting fluorescent radiative coolers, that could minimize negative ozone formation while retaining appreciable cooling performance. Our results motivate further study on the effects of widespread deployment of radiative cooling designs like superwhite roof paints on air quality, and materials that simultaneously minimize adverse photochemical impact and maximize cooling performance.
