发表机构
City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对单站近场感知系统，提出基于矩分析的闭式天线布局与功率分配联合优化方法，实现最坏情况SPEB最小化，显著优于传统方案。
AI 中文摘要
可移动天线技术的出现使得天线布局具有灵活性，允许收发天线更有效地利用空间自由度。本文研究了一个单站近场感知系统，旨在通过联合优化发射和接收天线的布局以及发射功率分配，最小化整个近场区域内最坏情况下的平方位置误差界（SPEB）。为此，我们首先通过计算用于估计目标角度和距离的克拉美-罗界（CRB），推导出SPEB的闭式表达式。结果表明，所推导的SPEB由发射天线位置的功率加权矩和接收天线位置的矩决定，这促使我们开发了一种基于矩的优化算法。对SPEB矩结构的泛函分析证明，最优天线分布可以通过中心对称结构实现，并表明最坏情况目标位于瑞利边界上的阵列宽边方向。此外，通过利用基于矩的分析和Richter-Tchakaloff定理，我们推导了在孔径中心和两个边缘处支持三个点的闭式天线分布。具体而言，最优发射天线分布可以通过仅激活三个发射天线来精确实现，而最优接收天线分布由三个簇组成。数值结果表明，所提出的闭式设计显著优于传统天线布局和功率分配基准方案。
英文摘要
The emergence of movable antenna technology enables flexible antenna placement, allowing transceiver antennas to more effectively exploit spatial degrees of freedom. In this paper, we investigate a monostatic near-field sensing system, aiming to minimize the worst-case squared position error bound (SPEB) over the entire near-field region by jointly optimizing the transmit and receive antenna placements, along with the transmit power allocation. Toward this end, we first derive the closed-form expression of SPEB by calculating the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for estimating the target's angle and distance. It is shown that the derived SPEB is governed by the power-weighted moments of the transmit antenna locations and the moments of the receive antenna locations, motivating the development of a moment-based optimization algorithm. Functional analysis of the SPEB's moment structure proves that the optimal antenna distributions can be realized by a centro-symmetric structure, and shows that the worst-case target is located at the array broadside on the Rayleigh boundary. Moreover, by leveraging moment-based analysis and the Richter-Tchakaloff theorem, we derive closed-form antenna distributions with three points supported at the aperture center and two edges. Specifically, the optimal transmit antenna distribution can be exactly realized by activating only three transmit antennas while the optimal receive antenna distribution consists of three clusters. Numerical results show that the proposed closed-form design significantly outperforms conventional antenna placements and power allocation benchmark schemes.
Comments13 pages, 8 figures
