主动配电网内虚拟电厂日前协调的确定性双层优化
Day-ahead Coordination of Virtual Power Plants within Active Distribution Networks using Deterministic Bi-Level Optimization
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- Universidade Federal do Paraná（巴拉那联邦大学）
- Universidad Santo Tomás（圣托马斯大学）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
提出确定性双层优化框架，DSO上层最小化成本与损耗，VPP下层最大化利润，保留AC-OPF形成MINLP，经KKT和强对偶转为MPEC，在IEEE 33节点验证，聚合降低损耗10.5%和电压偏差18.3%。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文提出了一种确定性双层优化框架，用于协调嵌入主动配电网中的虚拟电厂（VPP）的运行。配电系统运营商（DSO）作为上层领导者，在非线性交流潮流约束下最小化支出、有功损耗和电压偏差的加权组合，而每个VPP作为下层跟随者，在DSO发布的统一价格信号下最大化其利润。与大多数现有公式将下层子问题线性化以获得混合整数线性规划（MILP）不同，所提出的模型保留了完整的交流最优潮流（AC-OPF）方程，从而产生双层混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）。下层问题通过其Karush-Kuhn-Tucker（KKT）最优性条件和强对偶定理替换，得到单层带均衡约束的数学规划（MPEC）。随后，通过Fortuny-Amat大M变换对互补条件进行线性化。该框架在IEEE 33节点馈线上进行了24小时时域的验证，四个分布式资源聚合为一个VPP。与针对监管分时电价的单独调度相比，聚合将有功损耗降低了10.5%，累计电压偏差降低了18.3%，低于0.95 p.u.的节点小时数从132降至29。这些收益以0.31%的社会成本和0.26%的DSO支出为代价，而聚合商的租金得以保留。
英文摘要
This paper proposes a deterministic bilevel optimization framework for the coordinated operation of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) embedded in an active distribution network. The Distribution System Operator (DSO) acts as the upper-level leader, minimizing a weighted combination of expenditure, active losses and voltage deviation subject to nonlinear AC power flow constraints, while each VPP operates as a lower-level follower that maximizes its profit under the uniform price signal issued by the DSO. Unlike most existing formulations, which linearize the lower-level subproblem to obtain a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP), the proposed model retains the full AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) equations, producing a bilevel Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP). The lower-level problem is replaced by its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions and the Strong Duality Theorem, yielding a single-level Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC). Complementarity conditions are then linearized via the Fortuny-Amat big-M transformation. The framework is validated on the IEEE 33-bus feeder over a 24-hour horizon, with four distributed resources aggregated into a single VPP. Compared with individual dispatch against a regulated time-of-use tariff, aggregation reduces active losses by 10.5 %, the accumulated voltage deviation by 18.3 %, and the bus-hours below 0.95 p.u. from 132 to 29. These gains cost 0.31 % in social cost and 0.26 % in DSO expenditure, while the rent of the aggregator is preserved.
