引力波揭示伽马射线暴喷流的隐藏演化
The Hidden Evolution of Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Revealed by Gravitational Waves
- University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学核科学研究所）
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院理论物理中心）
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara（瓜达拉哈拉大学CUCEI物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究通过引力波信号揭示伽马射线暴喷流演化，发现中央引擎变率可产生高频引力波，为探测邻近GRB和超新星引擎机制提供新途径。
AI中文摘要：
伽马射线暴（GRB）喷流可以穿过大质量恒星传播，恒星包层的高不透明度会捕获电磁辐射，从而限制在早期对喷流的观测。相比之下，引力波（GW）能够逃离这些致密环境，并提供喷流动力学的直接信息。已有研究表明，GRB喷流可以在低频段发射引力波，而高频发射可能源于喷流驱动的茧状结构。然而，茧状结构的贡献通常需要比观测推断的能量大得多的能量，并产生可能类似噪声的随机涨落。在本工作中，我们证明高频引力波信号可以由中央引擎的变率产生。我们考虑了具有不同光度历史的喷流模型。我们发现引力波发射既取决于中央引擎的历史，也取决于喷流与恒星包层的相互作用。随着喷流在恒星中传播，快速光度涨落被逐渐抑制，而引力波信号则保留了早期喷流演化的信息。由强变率引擎驱动的喷流产生的引力波信号峰值在几十赫兹，而平滑变化的引擎则主要产生低频发射。对于距离36 Mpc的源（与迄今观测到的最接近GRB的距离相当），我们最具能量的变率模型的高频信号可以达到当前地面干涉仪可探测的振幅。我们的结果表明，对邻近GRB和Ic型宽谱超新星引力波的探测或未探测，有助于约束中央引擎中运行的机制。
英文摘要：
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets can propagate through massive stars, where the high opacity of the stellar envelope traps electromagnetic radiation and limits observations of the jet at early times. Gravitational waves (GWs), in contrast, can escape these dense environments and provide direct information of the jet dynamics. Previous studies have shown that GRB jets can emit GWs at low frequencies, while high-frequency emission may arise from jet-driven cocoons. However, the cocoon contribution typically requires energies much larger than those inferred from observations and produces stochastic fluctuations that can resemble noise. In this work, we show that high-frequency GW signals, can instead be generated by variability in the central engine. We consider jet models with different luminosity histories. We find that the GW emission depends on both the central engine history and the interaction of the jet with the stellar envelope. Rapid luminosity fluctuations are progressively suppressed as the jet propagates through the star, while the GW signal preserves information about the early jet evolution. Jets powered by strongly variable engines produce a GW signal peaking at tens of Hz, whereas smoothly varying engines are dominated by low-frequency emission. For a source at 36 Mpc, comparable to the distance of the closest GRB observed to date, the high-frequency signal from our most energetic variable models can reach amplitudes detectable by current ground-based interferometers. Our results suggest that the detection or non-detection of GWs from nearby GRBs and Type Ic broad-lined SNe could help constrain the mechanisms operating in the central engine.
