利用Stark位移的里德堡-EIT光谱确定射频场的到达角

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们展示了一种利用交流Stark位移的电致透明（EIT）共振的角相关光谱幅度来确定线偏振射频（RF）场到达角（AoA）大小的方法。失谐射频场对$|m_J|$子能级产生不同的Stark位移，而它们的相对激发强度强烈依赖于射频场与光偏振的相对取向。在本文考虑的可控偏振几何条件下，这种依赖性使得无需射频相位测量或空间分离的传感位置即可确定AoA大小。我们在1.27 GHz、2 GHz、3 GHz和4 GHz的射频频率下，使用亚波长铯蒸气池进行了实验验证。在角度灵敏度最高的$20^\circ-40^\circ$区域内，在所研究的射频频率范围内，基于可重复性估计的$1\sigma$ AoA不确定度约为$0.6^\circ$至$2^\circ$。将射频缀饰里德堡态的Floquet-Shirley计算与相干超精细到精细结构光学激发模型相结合的模型，定性地再现了实验观测结果。这些结果为利用空间局域化里德堡原子光谱实现紧凑、相位无关的AoA传感开辟了道路。

英文摘要

We demonstrate a method for determining the magnitude of the angle of arrival (AoA) of a linearly polarized radio-frequency (RF) field using the angle-dependent spectral amplitudes of AC Stark-shifted electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances. An off-resonant RF field produces distinct Stark shifts of the $|m_J|$ sublevels, while their relative excitation strengths depend strongly on the relative orientation of the RF and optical polarizations. Under the controlled polarization geometry considered here, this dependence enables determination of the AoA magnitude without requiring RF phase measurements or spatially separated sensing locations. We experimentally demonstrate the method at RF frequencies of 1.27 GHz, 2 GHz, 3 GHz, and 4 GHz using a subwavelength cesium vapor cell. Within the $20^\circ-40^\circ$ region of highest angular sensitivity, the estimated repeatability-based $1σ$ AoA uncertainty ranges from approximately $0.6^\circ$ to $2^\circ$ across the investigated RF frequencies. A model combining Floquet-Shirley calculations of the RF-dressed Rydberg states with a coherent hyperfine-to-fine-structure optical excitation model qualitatively reproduces the experimental observations. These results establish a path toward compact, phase-independent AoA sensing using spatially localized Rydberg-atom spectroscopy.

发表机构

• National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）
• Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校电气、计算机与能源工程系）

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