IBEX LmAPD探测器在CEA的表征：面向未来低噪声近红外天文仪器
Characterization of IBEX LmAPD detectors at CEA for future low-noise NIR astronomy instruments
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文报道了IBEX HgCdTe LmAPD探测器在CEA的首次电光表征，证明其低噪声性能优于Euclid型H2RG，为未来近红外天文任务提供了有前景的欧洲大幅面探测器方案。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
未来的近红外（NIR）天文任务，特别是致力于光子匮乏科学案例的任务，包括在ESA Voyage 2050计划中确定的、将Gaia的遗产扩展到近红外的全天区天体测量巡天，需要结合亚电子有效读出噪声与极低暗电流的大幅面探测器。基于HgCdTe的线性模式雪崩光电二极管（LmAPD）通过在读出级之前以雪崩增益倍增光生电荷来满足这一需求，从而降低读出噪声的相对贡献。我们报告了IBEX探测器的首次电光表征结果，该探测器是由Leonardo公司与欧洲空间局合作开发的2048×2048、15微米像素间距的HgCdTe LmAPD阵列，在CEA-IRFU的专用测试台上于80开尔文下运行。我们首先讨论了表征APD阵列的核心难点，即测量响应中雪崩增益、量子效率（QE）和转换增益之间的简并性，然后将测量分为两类。在无需假设即可直接测量的量中，我们报告了在相同低通量条件下，CDS测量的信噪比在像素偏压高于8伏时超过Euclid型H2RG，光响应非均匀性稳定在约10%水平，以及在10.5伏时的量子效率-过剩噪声比（QEFR）为0.40。在明确假设集下推导的量中，我们获得了对应于感节点电容为27飞法的转换增益，在2.5伏时量子效率为46±12%，以及在10.5伏时过剩噪声因子F=1.15±0.14。这些结果确立了IBEX作为未来超低通量近红外仪器的一种有前景的欧洲大幅面探测器。
英文摘要
Future near-infrared (NIR) astronomy missions dedicated to photon-starved science cases, in particular an all-sky astrometric survey extending the legacy of Gaia into the NIR, as identified within the ESA Voyage~2050 programme, require large-format detectors combining sub-electron effective read noise with very low dark current. Linear-mode avalanche photodiodes (LmAPDs) based on HgCdTe meet this need by multiplying the photo-generated charge by an avalanche gain before the readout stage, thereby reducing the relative contribution of the read noise. We report the first electro-optical characterization of an IBEX detector, a $2048\times2048$, \SI{15}{\micro\meter}-pitch HgCdTe LmAPD array developed by Leonardo with the European Space Agency and operated at \SI{80}{\kelvin} on a dedicated bench at CEA-IRFU. We first discuss the central difficulty of characterizing an APD array, the degeneracy between avalanche gain, quantum efficiency (QE), and conversion gain in the measured response, and we then separate the measurements into two categories. Among the quantities that are directly measurable without assumptions, we report a signal-to-noise ratio for a CDS measurement that exceeds that of a Euclid-type H2RG above \SI{8}{\volt} pixel bias under identical low-flux conditions, a photo-response non-uniformity stable at the $\sim$10\% level, and a quantum efficiency-to-excess-noise ratio (QEFR) of \num{0.40} at \SI{10.5}{\volt}. Among the quantities derived under an explicit set of assumptions, we obtain a conversion gain corresponding to a sense-node capacitance of \SI{27}{\femto\farad}, a quantum efficiency of $46\pm12\%$ at \SI{2.5}{\volt}, and an excess noise factor $F=1.15\pm0.14$ at \SI{10.5}{\volt}. These results establish IBEX as a promising European large-format detector for future ultra-low-flux NIR instruments.
发表机构
- Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）
- CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）
- CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）
- European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
