捏合天线用于下一代无线通信：网络视角
Pinching Antennas for Next-Generation Wireless Communications: A Network Perspective
AI总结：
本教程从网络视角综述捏合天线系统，提出辐射位置作为可配置网络资源，通过可重构辐射点支持环境分区多址接入及多小区协作，并探讨部署模式与未来研究方向。
AI中文摘要：
捏合天线使得能够沿扩展波导创建和重新配置辐射点，从而在基础设施部署后控制无线发射和接收的物理位置。这一能力引入了超越传统波束成形和资源分配的空间自由度，其影响从单个链路延伸到网络级操作。本教程开发了关于捏合天线系统的网络导向视角。我们首先回顾其系统架构、信道特性和基本设计机会。然后，我们研究辐射位置可重构性如何通过增强期望链路和抑制交叉链路来支持环境分区多址接入，并讨论其在多小区传输、流量卸载和小区间协作中的作用。从瞬时用户转向整个服务区域，我们在受无蜂窝启发的多波导架构下引入流量感知和几何感知设计。提供了代表性的系统模型、优化问题、分析图示和数值结果，以解释主要的设计权衡和网络级见解。我们进一步讨论广义物理实现和代表性部署模式，包括独立部署、传统基站集成部署和分布式部署，及其主要实施考虑。最后，我们确定未来研究方向，涉及移动性管理、可编程和虚拟化无线接入、环境知识获取、AI原生控制、低空网络、空天地一体化以及集成感知与通信。总体而言，本教程将辐射位置呈现为可配置的网络资源，并提供了一个框架，用于理解捏合天线如何重塑未来无线网络。
英文摘要：
Pinching antennas enable radiation points to be created and reconfigured along extended waveguides, making the physical locations of wireless transmission and reception controllable after infrastructure deployment. This capability introduces a spatial degree of freedom beyond conventional beamforming and resource allocation, with implications that extend from individual links to network-wide operation. This tutorial develops a network-oriented perspective on pinching-antenna systems. We first review their system architecture, channel characteristics, and fundamental design opportunities. We then examine how radiation-location reconfigurability can support environment-division multiple access by strengthening desired links and suppressing cross-links, and discuss its roles in multi-cell transmission, traffic offloading, and inter-cell cooperation. Moving from instantaneous users to entire service regions, we introduce traffic-aware and geometry-aware designs under a cell-free-inspired multi-waveguide architecture. Representative system models, optimization problems, analytical illustrations, and numerical results are provided to explain the main design tradeoffs and network-level insights. We further discuss generalized physical realizations and representative deployment modes, including standalone, conventional base-station-integrated, and distributed deployments, together with their main implementation considerations. Finally, we identify future research directions involving mobility management, programmable and virtualized radio access, environment knowledge acquisition, AI-native control, low-altitude networks, space-air-ground integration, and integrated sensing and communication. Overall, this tutorial presents radiation locations as configurable network resources and provides a framework for understanding how pinching antennas may reshape future wireless network.
