发表机构
The Voleon Group; Carnegie Mellon University; Google Research; Texas A&M University(Voleon集团; 卡内基梅隆大学; 谷歌研究院; 德克萨斯农工大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文针对流式 $F_2$ 估计,证明了高概率下界 $\u03a9(\varepsilon^{-2}\log(1/\delta)\log(\varepsilon\sqrt{n}/\log(1/\delta)))$,并提出了在频率界和稀疏性假设下的两种改进算法。
AI 中文摘要
估计底层频率向量的二阶频率矩($F_2$)是流式模型中的一个基本问题。虽然 Braverman 和 Zamir [STOC 2025] 最近的工作解决了仅插入模型中常数失败概率下的空间复杂度,但最优的失败参数 $\u03b4$ 依赖关系仍然开放。我们通过证明一个紧的高概率下界 $\u03a9\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\log\frac{1}{\delta}\\,\log\frac{\varepsilon\sqrt{n}}{\log(1/\delta)}\right)$ 来填补这一空白,用于 $(1\pm\varepsilon)$-近似的 $F_2$ 估计。关键挑战是先前多尺度直接和论证在噪声敏感性下的失败。我们引入了一种噪声鲁棒的通信原语,即“主要集合不相交性检查”,并证明了 $\u03a9\left(\frac{m}{t}\log\frac{1}{\delta}\right)$ 的单向下界。将其嵌入多尺度归约中,得到了正确的 $\log(1/\delta)$ 依赖关系。我们还在自然结构假设下给出了两个互补算法。对于频率界为 $B$ 的流,我们设计了一种使用连续 $F_0$ 跟踪的子采样方法,将 $\log(n)$ 因子替换为 $\text{polylog}(B)$。对于 $k$-稀疏流,我们开发了一种使用近似 Morris 计数器的两阶段草图,将 $\log n$ 替换为 $\log k$,并实现了对流长度的进一步 $\log\log m$ 依赖。
英文摘要
Estimating the second frequency moment ($F_2$) of an underlying frequency vector is a fundamental problem in the streaming model. While recent work by Braverman and Zamir [STOC 2025] resolved the space complexity for constant failure probability in the insertion-only model, the optimal dependence on the failure parameter $δ$ remained open. We close this gap by proving a tight high-probability lower bound of $Ω\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon^2}\log\frac{1}δ\,\log\frac{\varepsilon\sqrt{n}}{\log(1/δ)}\right)$ for $(1\pm\varepsilon)$-approximate $F_2$ estimation. The key challenge is the failure of prior multi-scale direct sum arguments under noise sensitivity. We introduce a noise-robust communication primitive, Exam Mostly Set Disjointness, and prove an $Ω\left(\frac{m}{t}\log\frac{1}δ\right)$ one-way lower bound. Embedding this into a multi-scale reduction yields the correct $\log(1/δ)$ dependence. We also give two complementary algorithms under natural structure assumptions. For streams with frequency bound $B$, we design a subsampling method using continuous $F_0$ tracking that replaces a $\log(n)$ factor with $\text{polylog}(B)$. For $k$-sparse streams, we develop a two-stage sketch using approximate Morris counters, replacing $\log n$ with $\log k$ and achieving a further $\log\log m$ dependence on stream length.
CommentsRANDOM 2026