发表机构
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas（圣卡洛斯物理研究所，圣保罗大学; 马托格罗索联邦大学; 巴西物理研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过广义系统-储层模型和费曼-弗农路径积分方法，研究温度梯度对量子布朗运动的影响，发现低温与高温极限均呈现量子热泳特征。
AI 中文摘要
当经典布朗粒子受到温度梯度作用时，会发生热泳现象，即粒子向环境较冷区域迁移，这对非平衡自组织具有重要影响。本文研究温度梯度如何影响量子布朗运动。我们采用最近提出的广义系统-储层模型，该模型假设存在连续场的热浴。作为主要结果，我们在费曼-弗农路径积分方法框架内获得了量子影响泛函。为检验收敛性，我们推导了量子波包质心的有效朗之万方程，并证明在高温下该方程与经典朗之万方程一致。完全量子（低温）和半经典（高温）极限均显示出量子布朗运动中量子热泳的特征，这是一个迄今尚未探索的效应。
英文摘要
When a classical Brownian particle is subjected to a temperature gradient it can undergo thermophoresis, i.e., the particle gets transported towards the colder regions of the environment, which bears relevant consequences to nonequilibrium self-organization. Here, we investigate how the quantum Brownian motion is affected by a temperature gradient. We employ a recently proposed generalized system-plus-reservoir model, where one assumes a continuum field of thermal baths. As our main result, we obtain the quantum influence functional, within the Feynmann-Vernon path integral approach. To test convergence, we derive an effective Langevin equation for the center of mass of the quantum wavepacket, and show that it coincides with the classical Langevin equation at high temperatures. Both the fully quantum (low temperatures) and the semiclassical (high temperature) limits show signatures of quantum thermophoresis in the quantum Brownian motion, a so far unexplored effect.
CommentsPaper submitted to Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
