协方差加权谱延迟融合与一维仿射模型用于高精度分布式光纤传感
Covariance-Weighted Spectral Delay Fusion With a One-Dimensional Affine Model for High-Precision Distributed Optical-Fiber Sensing
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对分布式光纤传感中周期性扰动导致的延迟模糊问题，提出协方差加权谱延迟融合与一维仿射模型，实现米级高精度定位。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
周期性扰动会产生模糊的延迟估计，限制了分布式光纤传感中可靠的高精度定位。我们针对使用双波长双向马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的传感系统开发了谱延迟融合方法，通过外差检测和数字解调恢复四条相位迹线。在校准传播参数和时间偏移固定后，六个成对延迟预测形成一条一维仿射线段，该线段由单个主导扰动的位置参数化，其灵敏度由传播方向和色散决定。广义最小二乘估计器将来自稳健互谱相位斜率的解卷延迟与来自极性不变相位对齐的卷绕延迟相结合，在所提出的模型下联合估计位置和整数模糊度，并使用有效的联合协方差来考虑共享信道和跨表示依赖性。实验使用131.335公里传感光纤，在1530纳米和1550纳米波长下进行，在25至125公里的五个标称位置施加周期性相位扰动。在报告的每组20条记录中，所提出的方法在驱动电压为500毫伏时产生1.007至1.685米的样本标准差，在1伏时产生0.449至1.324米的样本标准差。最小单对样本标准差与所提出方法的样本标准差之比在500毫伏时为2.57至19.56，在1伏时为2.12至2900。上界比率反映了在1伏、标称50公里组中，周期性扰动的单对相位斜率延迟估计不稳定，而所提出的协方差加权融合保持了米级定位重复性。
英文摘要
Periodic disturbances can produce ambiguous delay estimates, limiting reliable high-precision localization in distributed optical-fiber sensing. We develop spectral delay fusion for a sensing system using a dual-wavelength bidirectional Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with four phase traces recovered by heterodyne detection and digital demodulation. With calibrated propagation parameters and timing offsets fixed, the six pairwise delay predictions form a one-dimensional affine line segment parameterized by the position of a single dominant disturbance, with sensitivities determined by propagation direction and chromatic dispersion. A generalized least-squares estimator combines unwrapped delays from robust cross-spectral phase slopes with wrapped delays from polarity-invariant phase alignment to jointly estimate position and integer ambiguities under the proposed model, using an effective joint covariance to account for shared-channel and cross-representation dependence. Experiments use a 131.335-km sensing fiber at 1530 and 1550 nm, with periodic phase perturbations applied at five nominal positions from 25 to 125 km. Across the reported groups of 20 records, the proposed method yields sample standard deviations of 1.007-1.685 m at a drive voltage of 500 mV and 0.449-1.324 m at 1 V. The ratio of the smallest single-pair sample standard deviation to that of the proposed method ranges from 2.57 to 19.56 at 500 mV and from 2.12 to 2900 at 1 V. The upper ratio reflects unstable single-pair phase-slope delay estimates for periodic disturbances in the 1-V, nominal 50-km group, where the proposed covariance-weighted fusion maintains meter-scale localization repeatability.
发表机构
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University（苏州大学电子与信息工程学院）
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