发表机构
KAIST; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology（韩国科学技术院; 以色列理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在电路QED中实现了可编程的二维有质量狄拉克哈密顿量，通过单个拉比驱动量子比特耦合多模腔，观测到旋转颤动并验证了其动力学，为高维相对论量子模拟提供了紧凑平台。
AI 中文摘要
二维有质量狄拉克系统具有带隙的狄拉克锥色散，这是凝聚态物理和拓扑物理中广泛现象的核心。虽然量子模拟已展示了一维狄拉克动力学和二维无质量外尔动力学，但有质量二维狄拉克动力学的可编程模拟在实验上仍未得到探索。在此，我们在电路量子电动力学中实现了可编程的二维自由狄拉克哈密顿量，具有独立可调的自旋-动量耦合和质量，使用一个与多模腔的两个模式耦合的单个拉比驱动量子比特。利用该哈密顿量，我们观察了二维有质量狄拉克粒子的旋转颤动及其对有效质量的依赖。结合测量的退相干、超越旋转波近似（RWA）的修正以及transmon的非谐性的含时主方程模拟，重现了所观察到的动力学。我们的结果确立了多模电路量子电动力学作为高维相对论量子动力学的紧凑、可编程平台，并为探索带隙狄拉克系统中的动力学和拓扑现象提供了基础。
英文摘要
Two-dimensional massive Dirac systems feature a gapped Dirac-cone dispersion central to a broad range of phenomena in condensed-matter and topological physics. While quantum simulations have demonstrated one-dimensional Dirac dynamics and two-dimensional massless Weyl dynamics, programmable simulation of massive two-dimensional Dirac dynamics remains experimentally unexplored. Here, we realize a programmable two-dimensional free Dirac Hamiltonian in circuit QED, with independently tunable spin-momentum couplings and mass, using a single Rabi-driven qubit coupled to two modes of a multimode cavity. Using this Hamiltonian, we observe rotational Zitterbewegung of a two-dimensional massive Dirac particle and its dependence on the effective mass. Time-dependent master-equation simulations incorporating measured decoherence, corrections beyond the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), and anharmonicity of the transmon reproduce the observed dynamics. Our results establish multimode circuit QED as a compact, programmable platform for higher-dimensional relativistic quantum dynamics and provide a foundation for exploring dynamical and topological phenomena in gapped Dirac systems.
Comments8 pages, 4 figures; Supplemental Material included
