一般衰变形式与绝对核稳定性
A general decay form and absolute nuclear stability
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子科学和技术重点实验室）
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
- KTH, Alba Nova University Center（瑞典皇家理工学院阿尔巴诺瓦大学中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文提出基于守恒定律的一般衰变形式（GDF）定义绝对核稳定性，通过全局搜索识别84个绝对稳定核，并引入衰变可达性熵SGDF预测衰变模式，为稀有衰变搜索提供定量框架。
AI中文摘要：
当没有观察到衰变时，原子核通常被称为稳定的。我们用仅基于守恒定律的判据取代了这一现象学定义。为此，我们为有限电荷中性核系统制定了一种一般衰变形式（GDF），该形式包含了已知守恒定律所允许的所有可能的最终构型。如果没有任何允许的构型具有更低的质量，则该原子核是绝对稳定的。对所有具有实测原子质量的原子核进行的全局搜索得出了84个绝对稳定的原子核。在绝对稳定性判据之外，我们引入了一个无量纲的衰变可达性熵SGDF，以量化GDF允许的衰变通道的相对可达性。我们根据所有天然存在同位素的最大SGDF值对其进行排序，并预测其主导衰变模式和相应的部分半衰期。我们进一步确定了天然α衰变和双中微子双β衰变的候选者。所得到的框架还为物质的遥远未来演化提供了核尺度视角，在这种演化中，核衰变在更慢的物质演化形式之前，驱动物质向这84个绝对稳定原子核的组合演化。这些发现将传统的现象学稳定-放射性分类扩展为基于守恒定律的核稳定性框架，并为未来的稀有衰变搜索提供了定量路线图。
英文摘要：
A nucleus is conventionally called stable when no decay has been observed. We replace this phenomenological definition with a criterion based on conservation laws alone. For this purpose, we formulate a general decay form (GDF) for finite charge-neutral nuclear systems that includes all possible final configurations allowed by known conservation laws. A nucleus is absolutely stable if no allowed configuration has lower mass. A global search over all nuclei with measured atomic masses yields 84 absolutely stable nuclei. Beyond the criterion of absolute stability, we introduce a dimensionless decay-accessibility entropy SGDF to quantify the relative accessibility of GDF-allowed decay channels. We rank all naturally occurring isotopes according to their maximum SGDF values and predict their dominant decay modes and corresponding partial half-lives. We further identify promising candidates for natural alpha and two-neutrino double-beta decays. The resulting framework also provides a nuclear-scale perspective on the far-future evolution of matter, in which nuclear decay drives matter toward combinations of these 84 absolutely stable nuclei before still slower forms of matter evolution. These findings extend the conventional phenomenological stable-radioactive classification to a conservation-law-based framework for nuclear stability and provide a quantitative roadmap for future rare-decay searches.
