发表机构
University of Western Australia; OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational-wave Discovery（西澳大学; 引力波发现ARC卓越中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了利用引力波作为信使，从LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA等干涉仪数据中提取黑洞与中子星信息，并探讨其在恒星演化、宇宙学及基础物理中的突破性机遇。
AI 中文摘要
2025年，第四次引力波瞬变目录报告了自2015年以来发现的超过200个引力波事件。这些引力波（GWs）由中子星与黑洞之间的致密双星并合（CBCs）发射，并通过全球地面激光干涉仪网络探测到。引力波代表了一种新的“信使”——在宇宙学距离上传播的时空涟漪，携带着关于致密天体物理性质及其在宇宙中位置的信息。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了利用引力波作为信使，我们能了解关于黑洞和中子星的哪些信息。我们研究了引力波观测过程如何使我们能够将LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA等激光干涉仪的输出转化为关于黑洞和中子星的知识。我们表明，引力波源族群作为一个信使，可以引领我们在恒星演化、宇宙随宇宙时间如何变化以及基础物理学方面取得突破性理解。最后，我们讨论了在未来几十年中，利用引力波作为信使来进一步了解我们宇宙的三个关键机遇。
英文摘要
In 2025, the 4th Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog reported the discovery of over 200 gravitational wave events since 2015. These gravitational waves (GWs) are emitted by compact binary coalescenses (CBCs) between neutron stars and black holes, and detected with a global network of ground-based laser interferometers. GWs represent a new `messenger' -- ripples in spacetime that propagate across cosmological distances, and carry information about the physical properties of compact objects and their location in the Universe. In this review, we consider what information we can learn about black holes and neutron stars using GWs as a messenger. We explore how the GW observation process allows us to transform the outputs of laser interferometers like LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA into knowledge about black holes and neutron stars. We show that the GW source population acts as a messenger that can lead us to breakthroughs in our understanding of stellar evolution, how the Universe has changed across cosmic time, and fundamental physics. Finally, we discuss three key opportunities to learn more about our Universe using GWs as a messenger in the coming decades.
Comments94 pages (31 content, remaining are due to reference formatting in journal template), 10 figures, invited review for special edition of New Astronomy Reviews on Multimessenger Transients (ed. Gavin Rowell), in submission
