发表机构
Queen Mary University of London; Macao Polytechnic University; The University of Hong Kong; Kyung Hee University（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院; 澳门理工学院; 香港大学; 庆熙大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对钉扎天线系统硬件限制，提出支持离散功率控制与局部移动的PASS框架，联合优化位置、耦合与波束成形，以最小化功耗并满足SINR约束，仿真验证功耗显著降低。
AI 中文摘要
钉扎天线系统（PASS）的实际实现因大规模天线移动和连续辐射功率调整方面的硬件限制而具有挑战性。本文提出了一种实用的PASS下行多用户多输入多输出通信框架，该框架支持离散辐射功率控制和局部离散天线移动。具体而言，利用离散耦合强度模型，通过量化耦合间距级别来调节每个钉扎天线（PA）的辐射功率。此外，每个PA只能在由移动速度和持续时间确定的有限区域内，在离散位置之间移动。基于所提出的框架，构建了PA位置、耦合强度和发射波束成形的联合优化问题。考虑波导衰减，在满足每个用户最小信干噪比要求和局部运动约束的条件下，最小化总平均功耗。为解决这一耦合的混合整数非凸优化问题，首先针对多波导单用户场景开发了一种基于全局最优的分支定界算法。为进一步降低复杂度，针对多波导多用户场景开发了一种可扩展的遗传算法辅助粒子群优化（GA-PSO）方法，其中引入遗传算法操作以保持种群多样性并缓解过早收敛。仿真结果表明，与传统PASS方案和MIMO架构相比，所提出的设计显著降低了功耗。
英文摘要
The practical implementation of pinching-antenna systems (PASS) is challenging due to hardware limitations in large-scale antenna movement and continuous radiation power adjustment. This paper proposes a practical PASS-enabled downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output communication framework that enables discrete radiation power control and localized discrete antenna movement. Specifically, a discrete coupling strength model is exploited to tune the radiation power at each pinching antenna (PA) through quantized coupling spacing levels. Moreover, each PA can only move among discrete locations within a limited region determined by the movement speed and duration. Based on the proposed framework, a joint optimization problem of the PA positions, coupling strength, and transmit beamforming is formulated. Considering waveguide attenuation, the total average power consumption is minimized, subject to each user's minimum SINR requirement and localized motion constraints. To address this coupled mixed-integer nonconvex optimization problem, a globally optimal branch-and-bound-based algorithm is first developed for the multi-waveguide single-user scenario. To further reduce complexity, a scalable genetic algorithm-assisted particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO) method is developed for the multi-waveguide multi-user scenario, where GA operations are incorporated to preserve population diversity and alleviate premature convergence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design significantly reduces the power consumption compared with the conventional PASS schemes and MIMO architectures.
