CMB-HD 前景：模拟、源探测与前景去除
CMB-HD Foregrounds: Simulations, Source Detection, and Foreground Removal
- Stony Brook University（石溪大学）
- University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
- Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究通过高分辨率模拟和前景去除方法，证明CMB-HD巡天能有效清除河外前景，对宇宙学参数影响甚微，并灵敏探测轻热遗迹粒子。
AI中文摘要：
我们展示了在100平方度天区上、角分辨率为2.5角秒的微波天空模拟，这些模拟由现有的全天低分辨率模拟生成，并利用它们来演示CMB-HD巡天的河外前景去除。我们的清洁方法能够探测并去除宇宙红外背景和射电星系，生成的源星表在90 GHz和148 GHz频段分别达到0.008 mJy和0.04 mJy的通量极限下具有95%的完备性。该方法还通过热Sunyaev-Zel'dovich效应识别并去除星系团，得到的星系团样本在$M_{500c} = 5 \times 10^{13} M_\odot$以上几乎完备。清洁后，90 GHz和148 GHz温度图共加后的残余前景加噪声功率谱比先前理想化估计高出50%，使得一个包含11个参数的$\Lambda$CDM + $N_\mathrm{eff}$ + $\sum m_\nu$ + $T_\mathrm{AGN}$ + $A_\mathrm{kSZ}$ + $n_\mathrm{kSZ}$模型的宇宙学参数不确定性增加不到7%。对宇宙学参数影响较小，反映了CMB偏振、温度-偏振交叉谱以及仅由偏振估计器重建的CMB透镜谱的强大约束能力，这些均受河外前景影响极小。特别是，该巡天仍然是探测轻热遗迹粒子的灵敏探针，实现了$\sigma(N_\mathrm{eff}) = 0.0154$，能够以至少90%的置信度排除任何新粒子种类（$\Delta N_\mathrm{eff} \ge 0.027$）。我们的模拟和前景去除代码已公开，应有助于超深、超高分辨率微波巡天分析流程的开发。
英文摘要：
We present simulations of the microwave sky at 2.5 arcsecond resolution over 100 square degrees, generated from existing full-sky, lower-resolution simulations, and use them to demonstrate extragalactic foreground removal for a CMB-HD survey. Our cleaning method detects and removes the cosmic infrared background and radio galaxies, yielding source catalogs that are 95% complete down to flux limits of 0.008 and 0.04 mJy at 90 and 148 GHz, respectively. It also identifies and removes galaxy clusters via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, producing a cluster sample that is nearly complete above $M_{500c} = 5 \times 10^{13} M_\odot$. After cleaning, the residual foreground-plus-noise power spectrum of the coadded 90 and 148 GHz temperature map is 50% higher than previous idealized estimates, increasing cosmological parameter uncertainties for an 11-parameter $Λ$CDM + $N_\mathrm{eff}$ + $\sum m_ν$ + $T_\mathrm{AGN}$ + $A_\mathrm{kSZ}$ + $n_\mathrm{kSZ}$ model by less than 7%. The small impact on cosmological parameters reflects the strong constraining power of CMB polarization, the temperature-polarization cross spectra, and CMB lensing spectra reconstructed from polarization-only estimators, all of which are minimally affected by extragalactic foregrounds. In particular, the survey remains a sensitive probe of light thermal relic particles, achieving $σ(N_\mathrm{eff}) = 0.0154$, which can exclude any new species ($ΔN_\mathrm{eff} \ge 0.027$) with at least 90% confidence. Our simulation and foreground-removal codes are publicly available and should aid the development of analysis pipelines for ultradeep, ultrahigh-resolution microwave surveys.
