自主量子钟的瞬态计数统计
The Transient Counting Statistics of Autonomous Quantum Clocks
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- Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad（塔塔基础科学研究所海德拉巴分所）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研究自主量子钟在少数量子发射机制下的瞬态计数统计，利用大偏差原理分析二能级和三能级发射体模型，探讨其对精确计时和量子传感的意义。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
每个原子钟的核心都是一个量子相干发射体，即激光器，原则上可以将其视为自主系统。虽然其频率或相位稳定性通常是在大量发射量子的半经典机制下进行研究，但近期关于自主量子钟的研究表明，少数量子机制可以在时间域提供统计信息。这为探测量子机制下精确计时的基本极限提供了补充手段。受这些工作的启发，我们考虑了二能级和三能级量子发射体的简单模型，这些发射体通过退相过程受到非热燃料供给，这通常会导致稳态下的相干性。我们利用带有有限时间贡献的大偏差原理来识别瞬态计数统计及其对初始条件的依赖性。最后，我们讨论了利用自主量子发射体作为时钟在其瞬态机制下进行精确计时和量子传感的意义。
英文摘要
At the heart of every atomic clock is a quantum coherent emitter, the laser, that could in principle be treated autonomously. While their frequency or phase stability is typically studied in the semiclassical regime of a large number of emitted quanta, recent works on autonomous quantum clocks suggest that the few-quanta regime can offer statistical information in the temporal domain. This provides complementary means to probe the fundamental limits to precise timekeeping in the quantum regime. Motivated by these works, we consider simple models for two- and three-level quantum emitters subject to an athermal fueling through dephasing, which generically results in coherences in the steady state. A large deviation principle with finite-time contributions is used to identify the transient counting statistics and their dependence on the initial conditions. We conclude by discussing the implications for precise timekeeping and quantum sensing using autonomous quantum emitters as clocks in their transient regime.
