对撞机上的广义探测器
Generalized Detectors at Colliders
- Yale University（耶鲁大学）
- Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文提出计算对撞机广义探测器（如能量幂次算子）多点关联函数的框架，引入非微扰匹配系数，推导QCD因子化与光射线OPE，并识别软辐射幂次修正，拓宽了理论可控的探测器算子空间。
AI中文摘要：
对撞机物理的最新进展已将唯象学问题重新表述为探测器关联函数的形式，并深化了对其的理论理解。这些进展主要集中于平均零能量算子 $\mathcal{E}(\vec{n})$ 的关联函数，即所谓的能量关联函数。然而，对撞机可以访问更广泛的一类探测器算子 $\mathcal{E}^n_R(\vec{n})$，它们测量强子子集 $R$（如带电强子）上能量的幂次。这些广义探测器通常不是红外与共线安全的，其描述需要在红外区域测量的强子探测器与紫外计算中使用的部分子探测器之间进行非微扰匹配。我们发展了一个计算其多点关联函数的框架。我们引入了普适的非微扰匹配系数，称为“探测器函数”，用以实现这种红外-紫外匹配。对于本文研究的 $\mathcal{E}_R^n$ 算子，这些系数由单强子和多强子碎裂函数的能量加权矩表示。我们给出了它们的重整化群结构，推导了投影关联函数的QCD因子化定理，并计算了至次领头阶的喷注函数。在固定耦合的纯杨-米尔斯极限下，我们推导了强子探测器的光射线OPE，并将其与QCD因子化框架联系起来。我们还识别了由软辐射产生的普适非微扰幂次修正，这些修正在对撞极限下被增强，并能显著改变微扰角标度。一个部分子簇射研究表明，其与预测的微扰和非微扰标度行为定性一致。我们的工作显著拓宽了在理论控制下的探测器算子空间，具有潜在的唯象学应用。
英文摘要：
Recent progress in collider physics has reformulated phenomenological questions in terms of detector correlation functions and advanced their theoretical understanding. These advances have primarily focused on correlators of the average null energy operator, $\mathcal{E}(\vec{n})$, known as energy correlators. However, colliders have access to a much broader class of detector operators, $\mathcal{E}^n_R(\vec{n})$, which measure powers of the energy on a subset of hadrons $R$, such as charged hadrons. These generalized detectors are generically not infrared and collinear safe, and their description requires nonperturbative matching between the hadronic detectors measured in the infrared and the partonic detectors used in ultraviolet calculations. We develop a framework for computing their multi-point correlation functions. We introduce universal nonperturbative matching coefficients, termed "detector functions", that implement this infrared-ultraviolet matching. For the $\mathcal{E}_R^n$ operators studied here, these coefficients are represented by energy-weighted moments of single- and multi-hadron fragmentation functions. We present their renormalization group structure, derive QCD factorization theorems for the projected correlators, and compute jet functions through next-to-leading order. In the fixed-coupling pure Yang-Mills limit, we derive the light-ray OPE of hadronic detectors and connect it to the QCD factorization framework. We also identify universal nonperturbative power corrections generated by soft radiation, which are enhanced in the collinear limit and can substantially modify the perturbative angular scaling. A parton shower study finds qualitative agreement with the predicted perturbative and nonperturbative scaling behaviors. Our work significantly broadens the space of detector operators under theoretical control, with potential phenomenological applications.
