发表机构
INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET（南方国立大学-国家科学研究和技术生产委员会联合研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出水的稳定性极限源于氢键网络的韧性，即局部修复断裂键的能力，并证明基于此的单一无参数判据可统一预测润湿、纳米限制和临界现象。
AI 中文摘要
液态水异常稳定，在广泛的温度范围内，甚至在被限制在仅有几个分子宽的空间内时，仍能保持液态。然而，它在这两种情况下最终都会失效：在临界温度下沸腾或在狭窄孔隙中干燥，这些现象通常被分开研究。水的氢键网络被认为是这种稳定性的基础，但追踪键的存续并未解开这一谜团。扩展我们最近为润湿引入的一个概念（J. Am. Chem. Soc. 148, 21572 (2026)），我们表明这些稳定性极限可以准确地从一个先前被忽视的网络属性推导出来：韧性，即局部修复断裂键的能力。只有那些太弱而无法修复的相互作用才构成真正的缺陷，这一群体远小于传统定义所暗示的。虽然完整的键在失效前一直很丰富，且传统上断裂的键在失效前早已渗流，但不稳定性与这些真正缺陷的渗流同时发生。将局部相互作用能与一个单一的内禀尺度（先验确定）进行比较，可以预测润湿-疏水交叉、纳米限制空化以及体相临界性。因此，这些现象通过一个共同的分子框架得以统一，其能量尺度也与水的一个长期未解释的光谱特征相匹配。一个单一的、基于网络韧性的无参数分子判据就足够了。
英文摘要
Liquid water is unusually stable, remaining liquid across a wide range of temperatures and even when confined to spaces only a few molecules wide. Yet it eventually fails in both settings: boiling at the critical temperature or drying in narrow pores, phenomena normally studied separately. Water's hydrogen-bond network is thought to underlie this stability, but tracking bond survival has not resolved the puzzle. Extending a concept we recently introduced for wetting (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 148, 21572 (2026)), we show that these stability limits can be accurately derived from a previously overlooked network property: resilience, the capacity to locally repair a broken bond. Only interactions too weak to be repaired constitute genuine defects, a far smaller population than conventional definitions suggest. While intact bonds remain abundant up to failure and conventionally broken bonds already percolate well before it, instability coincides with the percolation of these genuine defects. Comparing local interaction energies with a single intrinsic scale (identified a priori) predicts the wetting-hydrophobicity crossover, nanoconfinement cavitation, and bulk criticality. These phenomena are thus unified through a common molecular framework whose energetic scale also matches a long-unexplained spectroscopic feature of water. A single, parameter-free molecular criterion rooted in network resilience suffices.
