利用不同行星与月球历表的月球激光测距残差检验等效原理
Testing the equivalence principle with lunar laser ranging residuals from different planetary and lunar ephemerides
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
- China University of Geosciences（中国地质大学）
- Yangtze University（长江大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究利用月球激光测距残差检验等效原理，开发独立数据处理框架，比较三种历表结果，均与零一致，提供透明且独立的检验方法。
AI中文摘要：
月球激光测距（LLR）通过地球-月球距离中可能存在的会合周期扰动，为等效原理（EP）提供了灵敏的检验。在本工作中，我们开发了一个独立的LLR数据处理框架，并研究了在使用EPM21、INPOP21和DE430行星与月球历表获得的后拟合O-C残差中该信号的特性。对三种历表应用了相同的观测模型和参数调整程序，使得基于残差的结果能够在一致框架内进行比较。考虑到LLR观测在会合角$D$上分布不均匀，残差用直至三阶的余弦和正弦谐波进行拟合。还进行了信号注入测试，以量化参数调整过程中可能的$\cos D$信号的衰减。在修正信号衰减、太阳辐射压和月球后向反射器热响应后，优选的EPM21、INPOP21和DE430解分别给出$\Delta(m_g/m_i)_{\rm EM}=(0.900\pm3.183)\times10^{-14}$、$(0.496\pm3.624)\times10^{-14}$和$(2.669\pm7.048)\times10^{-14}$。EPM21和INPOP21的结果基于1970年至2024年的观测，而DE430解是使用截至2016年的观测获得的。三个估计值在其不确定度范围内均与零一致。本工作表明，基于残差的分析能够提供独立且透明的EP检验，同时为评估未来高精度LLR研究中的采样和历表依赖效应提供指导。
英文摘要：
Lunar laser ranging (LLR) provides a sensitive test of the equivalence principle (EP) through a possible synodic perturbation in the Earth--Moon distance. In this work, we develop an independent LLR data-reduction framework and investigate this signature in the post-fit O--C residuals obtained with the EPM21, INPOP21, and DE430 planetary and lunar ephemerides. The same observation model and parameter-adjustment procedure are applied to the three ephemerides, allowing their residual-based results to be compared within a consistent framework. To account for the nonuniform distribution of LLR observations over the synodic angle $D$, the residuals are fitted with cosine and sine harmonics up to the third order. Signal-injection tests are also performed to quantify the attenuation of a possible $\cos D$ signal during the parameter adjustment. After correcting for signal attenuation, solar radiation pressure, and the thermal response of the lunar retroreflectors, the preferred EPM21, INPOP21, and DE430 solutions yield $Δ(m_g/m_i)_{\rm EM}=(0.900\pm3.183)\times10^{-14}$, $(0.496\pm3.624)\times10^{-14}$, and $(2.669\pm7.048)\times10^{-14}$, respectively. The EPM21 and INPOP21 results are based on observations from 1970 to 2024, whereas the DE430 solution was obtained using observations up to 2016. All three estimates are consistent with zero within their uncertainties. This work demonstrates that residual-based analysis can provide an independent and transparent EP test, while also offering guidance for assessing sampling and ephemeris-dependent effects in future high-precision LLR studies.
