变革性人工智能时代的再分配政策

中文摘要 AI 辅助

在变革性人工智能（TAI）到来之后，广泛的自动化预计将降低劳动收入份额，并加剧收入与财富不平等。尽管经济增长可能会加速，但其大部分收益可能归于少数个人和企业。因此，如果再不分配政策加以缓解，收入与财富不平等可能升至工业经济中前所未有的水平。我们采用一个统一的理论框架，综述了为TAI时代提出的再分配政策，如全民基本收入（UBI）、全民基本资本（UBC）、国家发放的计算与机器人许可证，以及对资本、计算、机器人、代币、土地、能源、消费和财富的征税。我们认为，能够广泛分配资本（包括计算和机器人）租金的政策——例如通过资本税资助的UBC或UBI——最有可能在人类对齐的变革性人工智能世界中实现持续的不平等减少。

英文摘要

After the arrival of transformative artificial intelligence (TAI), broad-based automation is expected to decrease the labor share and increase income and wealth inequality. Although economic growth is likely to accelerate, most of its gains may accrue to a narrow group of individuals and firms. Hence, if unmitigated by redistributive policy, income and wealth inequality may rise to levels unseen in the industrial economy. Using a unifying theoretical framework, we survey the redistributive policies proposed for the era of TAI, such as universal basic income (UBI), universal basic capital (UBC), state-issued compute and robot permits, and taxes on capital, compute, robots, tokens, land, energy, consumption, and wealth. We argue that policies that are able to broadly distribute rents from capital including compute and robots - such as UBC or UBI financed through capital taxes - are most likely to achieve lasting reductions in inequality in a world with human-aligned transformative AI.

发表机构

• SGH Warsaw School of Economics（华沙经济学院）
• WU Vienna（维也纳经济大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。