发表机构
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; University of Luxembourg（卢森堡科学与技术研究所; 卢森堡大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过分析802篇论文和33,319个GitHub仓库，揭示MCP在2025年快速兴起并于2026年3月达峰，多数用途为使能技术，并提供了格局概览与建议。
AI 中文摘要
模型上下文协议（MCP）由Anthropic于2024年11月发布，标准化了大语言模型应用连接外部工具和数据源的方式。尽管MCP增长迅速，但尚无研究同时刻画其在研究文献中的出现、在GitHub上的采用以及两者之间的关系。我们通过一项纵向、二维研究填补了这一空白，该研究涵盖802篇MCP相关出版物和33,319个GitHub仓库。我们通过BERTopic刻画了它们的增长并识别其应用领域，并通过人工验证的GPT-5.6-Luna分类器识别其使用情境。我们发现，出版物和仓库在2025年彼此相差一个月内开始快速增长，并于2026年3月同时达到峰值。值得注意的是，仅第二波增长就占GitHub仓库的49.5%。大多数出版物（57.8%）和几乎所有仓库（93.7%）将MCP用作使能技术，而非直接对其进行分析、评估、扩展或安全加固。在仓库中，后一类别几乎完全集中在一个通用主题上，而应用型使用则分散到特定产品的细分领域。最后，我们提供了MCP格局的概览，并为本领域的研究人员和从业者提出了建议。
英文摘要
The Model Context Protocol (MCP), released by Anthropic in November 2024, standardizes how large language model applications connect to external tools and data sources. Despite MCP's rapid growth, no study has jointly characterized its emergence in the research literature, its adoption on GitHub and the relationship between them. We address this gap with a longitudinal, two-dimensional study of 802 MCP-related publications and 33,319 GitHub repositories. We characterize their growth and identify their application domains via BERTopic and usage contexts via a human-validated GPT-5.6-Luna classifier. We find that publications and repositories began rapid growth within a month of each other in 2025, and peaked together in March 2026. Notably, a second growth wave alone accounts for 49.5% of the GitHub repositories. Most publications (57.8%) and nearly all repositories (93.7%) use MCP as an enabling technology rather than for analyzing, evaluating, extending, or securing it directly. Among repositories, the latter category concentrates almost entirely in one general-purpose topic, while applied usage spreads into product-specific niches. Finally, we provide an overview of the MCP landscape and recommendations to researchers and practitioners in this field.
