NAQsim：用于快速且空间高效的中性原子量子计算的全栈架构仿真框架
NAQsim: Full-Stack Architecture Simulation Framework for Fast and Space-Efficient Neutral Atom Quantum Computing
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中文总结 AI 辅助
NAQsim是面向中性原子容错量子计算的开源全栈仿真框架，识别并优化补丁旋转瓶颈，实现2.27倍加速。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
中性原子平台的技术进步为设计容错量子计算（FTQC）的高效协议开辟了新途径。然而，每个物理操作的速度仍比其他平台（如超导量子比特）慢几个数量级。因此，架构师必须识别快速且高效的FTQC架构，这需要可靠的建模工具来探索中性原子平台在软件、经典硬件和量子设备栈中的各种设计选择。在本文中，我们提出了NAQsim，一个基于横向门的中性原子FTQC架构的开源仿真框架。作为其关键特性，NAQsim实现了详细的全栈架构评估，为探索先前被忽视的性能瓶颈提供了机会。作为NAQsim的首个用例，我们识别了一个这样的瓶颈——补丁旋转，进行了全栈协同优化，并最终推导出了一种近乎无旋转的架构（D3-ROT）。对于实际的FTQC基准测试工作负载，D3-ROT仅凭这一瓶颈就实现了2.27倍的加速，且足迹开销极小。这些结果表明，NAQsim为横向表面码架构及更广泛的架构提供了更广阔的全栈优化空间。
英文摘要
Technological advances in neutral-atom platforms have opened a new path toward designing efficient protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). However, each physical operation is still orders of magnitude slower than on other platforms, such as superconducting qubits. Therefore, architects must identify fast and efficient FTQC architectures, which require reliable modeling tools to explore various design choices across the software, classical hardware, and quantum device stacks of neutral-atom platforms. In this paper, we propose NAQsim, an open-source simulation framework for neutral-atom FTQC architectures based on transversal gates. As its key feature, NAQsim enables detailed full-stack architecture evaluation that opens opportunities to explore previously overlooked performance bottlenecks. As a first use case for NAQsim, we identify one such bottleneck, patch rotations, perform full-stack co-optimization, and finally derive a near-rotation-free architecture (D3-ROT). For practical FTQC benchmark workloads, D3-ROT achieves a 2.27x speedup from this single bottleneck alone, with minimal footprint overhead. These results point to a much broader space of full-stack optimizations that NAQsim makes accessible for transversal surface-code architectures and beyond.
发表机构
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing（理化学研究所量子计算中心）
- Nanofiber Quantum Technologies（纳米纤维量子技术）
- University of Oxford（牛津大学）
- The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
- Kyushu University（九州大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
