发表机构
Universidade Federal do ABC; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas（ABC联邦大学; 自然与人文科学中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出全同粒子不可区分性理论，通过不可区分性函数和对称谱投影测度刻画部分不可区分性，并给出实验可行的上界获取方法，解决相关开放问题。
AI 中文摘要
在所有可以将自由度划分为两部分（我们称之为内部和可见）的设置中，全同粒子具有动态不变的标签，其中可见部分经历幺正演化，而动态不变的内部部分则解释了粒子的部分不可区分性。我们给出了可见态关于不可区分性函数的显式形式，推广了具有内部模式的玻色子/费米子的标准对称化/反对称化假设。对称群上的不可区分性函数解释了动态不变标签态的置换对称性，并给出了可见态对称谱的自包含描述。结果表明，从稳定源独立发射的单粒子的不可区分性完全由对称谱上的投影测度表征。我们揭示了用边缘投影测度表示的不可区分性投影测度的连续上界层级。我们指出了一种实验上可行的方法，通过直接实验读出边缘投影测度，获得任意大数量单光子的不可区分性的上界。我们还分析了相干叠加和凸混合的不可区分性，并解决了最近提出的一个问题。
英文摘要
Identical particles have dynamically invariant labels in all setups where their degrees of freedom can be partitioned into two parts, which we call internal and visible, with the visible part subject to unitary evolution, while the dynamically invariant internal part accounts for the partial distinguishability of particles. We give the explicit form of the visible state in terms of the indistinguishability function, generalizing the standard symmetrization/antisymmetrization postulate for bosons/fermions with internal modes. The indistinguishability function on the symmetric group accounts for the permutation symmetry of the dynamically invariant label state and gives a self-contained description of the symmetry spectrum of the visible state. It is shown that the indistinguishability of single particles emitted independently from a stable source is completely characterized by the projective measures on the symmetry spectrum. We reveal a hierarchy of successive upper bounds on the projective measure of indistinguishability in terms of marginal projective measures. We point out an experimentally feasible way to get the upper bounds on the indistinguishability of an arbitrarily large number of single photons by direct experimental readout of their marginal projective measures. We also analyze the indistinguishability of coherent superpositions and convex mixtures and resolve a recently posed problem.
Comments27 pages, no figures
