科学人才是否已从深度转向广度？来自论文、知识输入、职业和团队的证据

中文摘要 AI 辅助

生成式人工智能对科学培训和科学组织提出了一个核心问题：研究是否正在从深度专业化转向广泛的个人知识？我们利用2010年至2025年间六个领域的47,959篇论文、51,736篇已解析的引用文献，以及按时间顺序重建的1,754名随机选取的索引贡献者的先前发表历史，在论文、引用知识、贡献者历史和团队层面检验了这一命题。从2010年到2022年，团队规模估计增加了37.3%（95%置信区间[34.4%, 40.3%]），而论文主题广度在0-1层级距离尺度上下降了0.0144。引用知识保持稳定或略有拓宽，显示出聚焦产出与知识输入覆盖范围之间的分化。成熟贡献者先前的广度到2019-2022年增加了0.0190 [-0.0078, 0.0459]，在敏感性分析中评估的±0.05等效界限内。在成熟的引用窗口中，焦点深度的一个标准差与1 + FWCI高出8.2% [1.9%, 14.9%]相关；平均广度和交互作用的关联在指定的等效界限下较小。2022年之后与早期趋势的偏差并非系统性，且近期变化在83个子领域中并未随基线AI强度而明确变化。这些发现支持了一种差异化的科学专业知识结构，其中聚焦的个人积累与不断扩大的合作和对多样化知识输入的持续获取并存。

英文摘要

Generative artificial intelligence raises a central question for scientific training and organization. Is research shifting from deep specialization toward broad individual knowledge? We examine this proposition across papers, cited knowledge, contributor histories, and teams using 47,959 articles from six fields over 2010-2025, 51,736 resolved cited works, and chronologically reconstructed prior publication histories for 1,754 randomly selected index contributors. From 2010 to 2022, team size increased by an estimated 37.3% (95% confidence interval [34.4%, 40.3%]), while paper topic breadth declined by 0.0144 on a 0-1 hierarchical distance scale. Cited knowledge was stable to modestly broader, revealing a divergence between focused outputs and the reach of knowledge inputs. Established contributors' prior breadth increased by 0.0190 [-0.0078, 0.0459] by 2019-2022, within a +/-0.05 equivalence bound assessed in sensitivity analysis. In mature citation windows, one standard deviation of focal depth was associated with 8.2% higher 1 + FWCI [1.9%, 14.9%]; average breadth and interaction associations were smaller under the specified equivalence bounds. Post-2022 deviations from earlier trends were not systematic, and recent changes did not vary clearly with baseline AI intensity across 83 subfields. The findings support a differentiated structure of scientific expertise in which focused individual accumulation coexists with expanding collaboration and sustained access to diverse knowledge inputs.

发表机构

• HSBC Business School, Peking University（北京大学汇丰商学院）
• Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology（深圳先进技术大学人工智能研究院）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。