广义相对论与非线性电动力学耦合的黑洞的扰动和准正则模

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们研究了爱因斯坦引力与非线性电动力学耦合的爱因斯坦-布龙尼科夫黑洞的标量、电磁和引力扰动的准正则谱和时域演化。与所有扰动扇区相关的有效势被证明形成正势垒，这些势垒在事件视界和空间无穷远处消失。它们的高度随磁荷增加而增加，而标量扰动具有最大的势垒。与赖斯纳-诺德斯特伦黑洞不同，轴向和极向电磁扰动具有不同的有效势，表明非线性电动力学导致等谱性破缺。准正则频率使用六阶WKB近似和渐近迭代法计算，对于基模和高阶泛音模式均取得极好的一致性。振荡频率随磁荷单调增加，而阻尼率仅表现出中等变化，证实了爱因斯坦-布龙尼科夫黑洞在所考虑的所有扰动下的线性稳定性。时域剖面显示出指数衰减的振铃信号，与频域分析一致。这些结果表明，非线性电动力学在黑洞扰动上留下可测量的印记，并可能为通过未来引力波观测检验正则黑洞几何提供观测特征。

英文摘要

We investigate the quasinormal spectra and time-domain evolution of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations of the Einstein-Bronnikov black hole in Einstein gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics. The effective potentials associated with all perturbation sectors are shown to form positive potential barriers that vanish at the event horizon and spatial infinity. Their height increases with the magnetic charge, while the scalar perturbation possesses the largest potential barrier. Unlike the Reissner-Nordström black hole, axial and polar electromagnetic perturbations are characterized by distinct effective potentials, demonstrating the breaking of isospectrality due to nonlinear electrodynamics. Quasinormal frequencies are computed using the sixth-order WKB approximation and the asymptotic iteration method, yielding excellent agreement for both fundamental and higher overtone modes. The oscillation frequencies increase monotonically with the magnetic charge, whereas the damping rates exhibit only moderate variations, confirming the linear stability of the Einstein-Bronnikov black hole under all perturbations considered. Time-domain profiles display exponentially damped ringdown signals consistent with the frequency-domain analysis. These results demonstrate that nonlinear electrodynamics leaves measurable imprints on black hole perturbations and may provide observational signatures for testing regular black hole geometries through future gravitational wave observations.

发表机构

• School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学物理学院）
• Institute for Advanced Studies, New Uzbekistan University（新乌兹别克斯坦大学高级研究所）
• School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology（国立科技大学电气与计算机工程学院）
• Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University（哈扎尔大学天体物理学与宇宙学研究中心）
• Institute of Theoretical Physics, National University of Uzbekistan（乌兹别克斯坦国立大学理论物理研究所）

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