物质主导宇宙中原初黑洞形成的模拟
Simulation of PBH formation in a matter-dominated universe
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过完全非线性数值相对论模拟物质主导时期原初黑洞形成,发现尘埃流体描述下所需初始振幅为解析估计的2倍,而粒子描述下阈值低一个数量级。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们利用完全非线性的数值相对论研究了早期物质主导时期原初黑洞(PBH)的形成。初始条件由包含椭圆率的曲率扰动的函数形式设定,这使得构型呈三轴状。我们考虑了两种物质描述:尘埃流体和无碰撞粒子。在尘埃流体描述中,除非奇点被很好地隐藏在表观视界内部,否则与流体密度发散的奇点出现相关的数值计算会崩溃。我们发现,对于尘埃流体描述,要在计算崩溃前观察到视界形成,初始振幅必须比先前的解析估计大2倍。另一方面,使用粒子系统描述时,计算不会崩溃,我们可以在系统后续演化后观察到黑洞的形成。此时黑洞形成的阈值比先前的解析估计显著小一个数量级。
英文摘要
We investigate primordial black hole (PBH) formation during an early matter-dominated era using fully nonlinear numerical relativity. The initial condition is set by a functional form of the curvature perturbation including ellipticity, which makes the configuration triaxial. Two kinds of matter descriptions are considered: dust fluid and collisionless particles. In the dust fluid description, numerical computation crashes associated with the appearance of a singularity at which the fluid density diverges, unless the singularity is hidden well inside the apparent horizon. We found that, for the dust fluid description, to observe the horizon formation before calculations crash, the initial amplitude must be larger than the previous analytic estimation by a factor of 2. On the other hand, with the particle system description, calculations do not crash, and we may observe black hole formation after subsequent evolution of the system. Then the threshold of black hole formation is significantly smaller than the previous analytic estimation by an order of magnitude.
发表机构
- Nagoya University(名古屋大学)
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI)(小林-益川粒子与宇宙起源研究所(KMI))
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics(亚太理论物理中心)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology(韩国科学技术院)
- Rikkyo University(立教大学)
- Division of Science, NAOJ, and SOKENDAI(日本国立天文台科学部及综合研究大学院大学)
- The University of Tokyo(东京大学)
- Theory Center, IPNS, KEK(高能加速器研究机构基础物理学研究所理论中心)
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo(东京大学汤川理论物理研究所卡弗里宇宙学起源国际研究中心)
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