通过组合退化构造大规模无解集
Large solution-free sets via combinatorial degenerations
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过组合退化方法,将有限证书转化为大规模无解集,改进了特定线性方程无解集的下界,并证明贪心构造的下界非最优。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
考虑线性形式 $L(x,y,z,w) = 3x+y-2z-2w$。对于正整数 $N$,记 $r_L(N)$ 为集合 $\{1,2,\dots,N\}$ 中避免 $L = 0$ 的非平凡解的最大子集大小。我们证明 $r_L(N) = \Omega(N^{0.5608687})$,改进了 Green 的开放问题列表中问题 16 的下界。我们的证明使用组合退化方法,将有限证书转化为大规模无解集。事实上,我们可以改进 Ruzsa 对许多四变量方程的下界 $N^{1/2-o(1)}$。考虑 $L(x,y,z,w) = ax+by-cz-dw$,其中 $a,b,c,d\in \mathbb Z_{>0}$,$a+b=c+d$,$\{a,b\} \neq \{c,d\}$ 且 $abcd$ 不是平方数。我们证明存在 $\varepsilon_L > 0$ 使得 $r_L(N) = \Omega_L(N^{1/2 + \varepsilon_L})$。此外,我们证明对于 $s$ 个变量的原始平移不变线性形式 $L$,由贪心构造得到的下界 $\Omega_s(N^{1/(s-1)})$ 从来不是最优的。
英文摘要
Consider the linear form $L(x,y,z,w) = 3x+y-2z-2w$. For a positive integer $N$, denote by $r_L(N)$ the largest size of a subset of $\{1,2,\dots,N\}$ that avoids nontrivial solutions to $L = 0$. We show that $r_L(N) = Ω(N^{0.5608687})$, improving the lower bound for Problem 16 in Green's list of open problems. Our proof uses the method of combinatorial degenerations to turn a finite certificate into large solution-free sets. In fact, we can improve Ruzsa's lower bound of $N^{1/2-o(1)}$ for many four-variable equations. Consider $L(x,y,z,w) = ax+by-cz-dw$ with $a,b,c,d\in \mathbb Z_{>0}$, $a+b=c+d$, $\{a,b\} \neq \{c,d\}$ and $abcd$ not a square. We show that there is $\varepsilon_L > 0$ such that $r_L(N) = Ω_L(N^{1/2 + \varepsilon_L})$. Furthermore, we show that for primitive translation-invariant linear forms $L$ in $s$ variables, the lower bound $Ω_s(N^{1/(s-1)})$ coming from a greedy construction is never optimal.
发表机构
- Institute of Science and Technology, Austria(奥地利科学技术研究院)
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学数学系)
- Óbuda University(奥比达大学)
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