发表机构
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出利用OH求和规则和最小二乘技术，直接测量四条OH谱线速度偏移以约束基本物理常数变化，并在银河系源G035.1+0.5上获得严格约束，有望用于SKA大数据分析。
AI 中文摘要
在本文中，我们介绍了一种约束大统一理论所预言的基本物理常数变化的方法。该方法利用OH求和规则，这些规则根据OH气体的物理条件而呈现不同形式。采用最小二乘技术，我们可以直接推导出每个基态中四条OH谱线之间的相对速度偏移。这避免了对光谱轮廓拟合的需求，而轮廓拟合对于具有复杂轮廓的光谱通常不可行。此外，即使光谱部分受到射频干扰（RFI）污染，该方法仍然稳健。将该方法应用于银河系源G035.1+0.5，我们获得了$\u0394X/X=(-1.8\u00b15.1)\u00d710^{-6}$的严格约束，其中$X=\u03bc^{-1}\u03b1^{2}g_{p}^{0.54}$。预计该方法将在从即将到来的平方公里阵列（SKA）望远镜的大数据集中提取基础物理方面发挥关键作用。
英文摘要
In this paper, we introduce a method to constrain the variation of fundamental physical constants predicted by grand unified theories. This approach utilizes OH sum rules, which exhibit different forms depending on the physical conditions of the OH gas. Employing a least-squares technique, we can directly derive the relative velocity offsets among four OH lines in each ground state. This circumvents the need for spectral profile fitting, which is often unfeasible for spectra with complex profiles. Moreover, this method remains robust even when portions of the spectra are contaminated by radio frequency interference (RFI). Applying this method to a Galactic source G035.1+0.5, we obtained a stringent constraint of $ΔX/X=(-1.8\pm5.1)\times10^{-6} $, where $X=μ^{-1}α^{2}g_{p}^{0.54}$. This method is expected to play a crucial role in extracting fundamental physics from large datasets of upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope.
Comments4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication as a letter in A&A
