丰裕是一种支出条件：AI自动化、稀缺租金与获取

中文摘要 AI 辅助

如果AI和自动化使可再生产品变得廉价，稀缺租金是消失还是转移？我们给出了一个封闭的一般均衡答案，该答案将低单位价格与经济丰裕区分开来。智能体消费一种自动化商品、一种固定供给商品和一种计价物；他们的购买力来自资源禀赋和对稀缺资产的所有权。异质性经济的均衡存在、唯一且全局稳定。总稀缺租金遵循一个精确的会计恒等式：当且仅当对自动化商品的实际支出下降时，它随自动化而上升。在对称经济中，该符号由边际效用曲率是否高于或低于1决定。因此，边际成本趋近于零是不够的：需求反弹可以吸收释放的资源。在自动化需求被固定或充分饱和后，每个智能体的获取份额是净购买力份额和稀缺资产所有权份额的精确凸组合。这产生了一个带有协方差项的集中度分解，表明当所有权来源相互抵消时，均等化一种资产为何会增加获取不平等。一个计算扩展区分了固定生产性投入（其租金可能消失）和约束性吞吐量限制（其租金持续存在）。数值实验再现了符号反转、所有权效应和制度边界，并暗示了八个可证伪的约束。结果用关于支出、产能和所有权的可检验条件取代了二元的“后稀缺”主张。

英文摘要

If AI and automation make reproducible goods cheap, do scarcity rents disappear or migrate? We give a closed general-equilibrium answer that separates a low unit price from economic abundance. Agents consume an automated good, a fixed-supply good, and a numeraire; their purchasing power comes from resource endowments and ownership of scarce assets. The equilibrium of a heterogeneous economy exists, is unique, and is globally stable. Aggregate scarcity rent obeys an exact accounting identity: it rises with automation if and only if real expenditure on the automated good falls. In a symmetric economy this sign is determined by whether the curvature of marginal utility is above or below one. Thus marginal cost converging to zero is insufficient: demand rebound can absorb the released resources. After automated demand is fixed or sufficiently satiated, each agent's access share is an exact convex combination of net purchasing-power and scarce-asset ownership shares. This yields a concentration decomposition with a covariance term, showing why equalizing one asset can increase access inequality when ownership sources were offsetting. A compute extension distinguishes a fixed productive input, whose rent can vanish, from a binding throughput constraint, whose rent persists. Numerical experiments reproduce the sign reversals, ownership effects, and institutional frontiers, and imply eight falsifiable restrictions. The results replace a binary ``post-scarcity'' claim with a testable condition on expenditure, capacity, and ownership.

发表机构

• City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。