发表机构
North Carolina State University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of Arizona（北卡罗来纳州立大学; 太平洋西北国家实验室; 亚利桑那大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了利用激光产生等离子体的光学光谱法（发射、荧光和吸收）进行氢和锂同位素分析的基础与最新进展，实现无需样品制备的实时、远距离同位素检测。
AI 中文摘要
轻元素同位素，特别是氢（H）和锂（Li）的准确检测与定量，在化学、材料科学、地质学、核能、法医学和国防应用中至关重要。它们的同位素组成可提供关于燃料循环、材料退化、质量输运和环境过程的关键信息。氢和锂同位素在核环境中尤其重要，因为中子诱导反应直接关联其同位素库存。尽管这些轻同位素十分重要，但由于其低原子质量、高迁移率以及在某些情况下的放射性限制，其分析仍具挑战性。虽然一些现有分析技术能够检测和测量H和/或Li，但它们通常需要大量样品制备、基于实验室的仪器或较长的分析时间，这阻碍了实时监测能力。为解决这些局限，激光产生等离子体的光学光谱学提供了一种有前景的解决方案，可实现现场部署、远距离感测同位素特征，并具备实时分析能力且无需样品制备。本专题综述总结了利用光学光谱学进行H和Li同位素分析的基础知识和最新进展，重点聚焦于通过固体靶材激光烧蚀产生的激光等离子体。文中介绍了与同位素分辨光学测量相关的关键概念，包括同位素位移、精细和超精细结构以及谱线展宽机制。综述了针对H和Li同位素的光学发射光谱、激光诱导荧光和吸收光谱学方面的研究进展。
英文摘要
Accurate detection and quantification of light-element isotopes, particularly hydrogen (H) and lithium (Li), are essential across chemistry, materials science, geology, nuclear energy, forensics, and defense applications. Their isotopic compositions provide insight into fuel cycles, materials degradation, mass transport, and environmental processes. Hydrogen and Li isotopes are especially relevant in nuclear environments because neutron-induced reactions directly connect their isotopic inventories. Despite their importance, analysis of these light isotopes remains challenging due to their low atomic mass, high mobility, and, in some cases, radiological constraints. While some existing analytical techniques can detect and measure H and/or Li, they typically require extensive sample preparation, laboratory-based instrumentation, or extended analysis times that preclude real-time monitoring capabilities. To address these limitations, optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas offers a promising solution, enabling field-deployable, standoff sensing of isotopic signatures with real-time analysis capability and no sample preparation requirement. This Topical Review summarizes fundamentals and recent advances in H and Li isotopic analysis using optical spectroscopy, with emphasis on laser-produced plasmas generated by laser ablation of solid targets. Key concepts relevant to isotope-resolved optical measurements are introduced, including isotope shifts, fine and hyperfine structure, and line-broadening mechanisms. Progress in optical emission, laser induced fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopy is reviewed for H and Li isotopes.
Comments50 pages, 17 figures, 290 references
