突发环境变化引发的物种形成、灭绝与爆发
Speciation, extinction and explosions induced by sudden environmental changes
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghi”, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp（坎皮纳斯州立大学 Gleb Wataghi 物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究通过个体模型揭示，突发环境变化（如承载能力、交配范围或同型交配强度改变）可导致物种形成或灭绝，基因组长度是关键决定因素，且交配限制增强会引发短暂的物种形成爆发。
AI中文摘要：
我们研究了遭受突发环境变化的有性繁殖种群的进化过程。利用基于个体的模型，我们考虑了突变可能影响承载能力、交配范围或同型交配强度（该强度控制允许交配发生的个体间最小相似度）的情景。我们表明，承载能力的提升既可能导致新的物种形成事件，从而增加生物多样性，也可能导致广泛的灭绝，使系统由单一物种主导。在交配范围方面也观察到了类似的效果。我们表明，决定这一过程结果的关键因素是基因组长度，即控制繁殖和同型交配的基因数量。我们还表明，当交配变得更加严格，即同型交配程度增加时，会发生物种形成的爆发。这种爆发仅持续几代，最终收敛到比变化前更大的值，但不如峰值时那么高。
英文摘要：
We study the evolution of sexually reproducing populations subjected to sudden environmental changes. Using an individual based model we consider scenarios where abrupt changes can affect the carrying capacity, the mating range or the strength of assortativity, that controls the minimum similarity between individuals that allows mating to occur. We show that a boost in carrying capacity can either lead to new speciation events, thereby increasing biodiversity, or to widespread extinctions, causing the system to become dominated by a single species. A similar effect is observed with respect to the mating range. We show that the key factor determining the outcome of the process is genome length, i.e., the number of genes controlling reproduction and assortativity. We also show that when mating becomes more restrictive, increasing the degree of assortativity, a burst of speciation occurs. The explosion lasts only for a few generations, converging to values larger than before the change, but not as high as at the peak.
