Elveslocation：一种研究雷暴大气的新方法
Elveslocation: A new approach for studying thunderstorm atmosphere
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- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学索博列夫核物理研究所）
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学物理系）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一种名为elveslocation的新方法，通过动态模型和基于模拟的推断，从轨道探测器数据中重建雷暴放电参数，以研究雷暴大气。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
雷暴放电，其引发和发展类型各异（包括紧凑型云内放电和初始击穿脉冲），在无线电和光学波段记录的电磁信号中也表现出不同的特征。放电在电离层中留下的一种独特光学印记是ELVES——一种发生在约90公里高度、持续时间亚毫秒的辉光，其典型的时空模式呈扩张环状，直径可达数百甚至上千公里。ELVES的位置、扩张速度、辉光强度的方位角和径向分布（及其时间动态）包含了放电位置、方向以及电流函数的信息。这些信息在轨道探测器（如TUS和Mini-EUSO）记录的宽视场、微秒时间分辨率的动态图像数据中体现得最为完整。从轨道探测器数据中恢复放电参数涉及求解一个复杂的逆问题，因为所关注的现象由多个过程介导，包括放电电磁脉冲与电离层的相互作用以及探测器非平凡的仪器响应函数。这些额外的不确定性来源在贝叶斯范式内能得到最一致的考虑。基于模拟的推断（SBI）的应用允许在动态模型内重建放电参数，从而向创建研究雷暴大气的新方法——elveslocation——迈出了一步。本工作提出了一个ELVES动态模型，该模型既能识别事件的典型时空模式（生成器模式），也能重建放电参数（SBI模拟器模式）。
英文摘要
Thunderstorm electrical discharges, which vary in their type of initiation and development (including compact intracloud discharges and initial breakdown pulses), also manifest differently as recorded electromagnetic signals in both the radio and optical ranges. A unique ionospheric optical imprint of a discharge is an ELVES - a sub-millisecond glow at altitudes around 90 km with a characteristic spatiotemporal pattern in the form of an expanding ring, reaching a diameter of several hundred or even a thousand kilometers. The position of the elve, its expansion velocity, the azimuthal and radial distribution of the glow intensity (and their temporal dynamics) contain information about the location and orientation of the discharge, as well as its current function. This information is most fully represented in the data recorded by orbital detectors of dynamic images with a wide field of view and microsecond temporal resolution, such as the TUS and Mini-EUSO. Recovering the parameters of a discharge from orbital detector data is associated with solving a complex inverse problem, since the phenomenon of interest is mediated by several processes, including the interaction of the discharge's electromagnetic pulse with the ionosphere and the non-trivial instrument response function of the detector. These additional sources of uncertainty are most consistently accounted for within the Bayesian paradigm. The application of simulation-based inference (SBI) allows for the reconstruction of discharge parameters within a dynamic model, thereby taking a step towards creating a new method for studying the thunderstorm atmosphere -- elveslocation. This work presents a dynamic model of an elve, which enables both the identification of characteristic spatiotemporal patterns of an event (generator mode) and the reconstruction of discharge parameters (SBI simulator mode).
