评估 E-OBS、AgERA5、MARS-STAT、ERA5 和 ERA5-Land 在四个地中海欧洲国家的日最低和最高温度
Evaluating E-OBS, AgERA5, MARS-STAT, ERA5, and ERA5-Land for Daily Minimum and Maximum Temperature Across Four Mediterranean European Countries
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究评估五种网格温度数据集在地中海四国的表现,发现 E-OBS 在多数指标上最优,MARS-STAT 在部分 GDD 和季节比较中领先,并指出数据集选择需考虑支撑、变量、季节、地形和应用。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
网格数据集的适用性因支撑、季节、变量和应用而异。本研究评估了 E-OBS、AgERA5、MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast、ERA5 和 ERA5-Land 与来自 624 个欧洲气候评估与数据集(ECA&D)和希腊国家气象局(HNMS/EMY)站点的观测数据,使用了 1818 万个源-站点-日记录,包含最低(TN)和最高(TX)温度。派生变量包括平均温度(Tmean)、昼夜温差(DTR)和生长度日(GDD)。相同支撑排名和站点自助法评估了日尺度和 GDD 性能;Fisher 的 z 变换总结了季节性相关性;时间和网络测试筛选了趋势。E-OBS 在所有 16 个国家-变量比较中,对 TN、TX、Tmean 和 DTR 的日尺度和去除月气候学异常的均方根误差(RMSE)最小。在至少 10 个匹配年份的情况下,E-OBS 在 64 个季节性 RMSE 比较中领先 42 个,在 64 个相关性比较中领先 59 个;MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast 分别领先其余 22 个和 5 个。E-OBS 在西班牙和意大利最小化 GDD RMSE,而 MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast 在希腊领先,并在法国以微弱优势领先。GDD RMSE 等于观测平均 GDD 的 3.3%-7.2%。稳健性测试支持西班牙年 DTR、法国年 TX 和法国生长季 GDD 的增加。递减率校正改善了 40 个比较中的 22 个,但通常使 TN 恶化。数据集的选择应反映支撑、变量、季节、地形和应用。
英文摘要
Gridded-dataset suitability varies by support, season, variable, and application. This study evaluated E-OBS, AgERA5, MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast, ERA5, and ERA5-Land against observations from 624 European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) and Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS/EMY) stations, using 18.18 million source-station-day records containing minimum (TN) and maximum (TX) temperatures. Derived variables included mean temperature (Tmean), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and growing degree days (GDD). Identical-support rankings and station bootstraps assessed daily and GDD performance; Fisher's z transformation summarized seasonal correlations; temporal and network tests screened trends. E-OBS minimized daily and monthly-climatology-removed anomaly root mean square error (RMSE) for TN, TX, Tmean, and DTR in all 16 country-variable comparisons. With at least 10 matched years, E-OBS led 42 of 64 seasonal RMSE comparisons and 59 of 64 correlation comparisons; MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast led the remaining 22 and five, respectively. E-OBS minimized GDD RMSE in Spain and Italy, whereas MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast led in Greece and narrowly led in France. GDD RMSE equaled 3.3-7.2% of observed mean GDD. Robustness tests supported increases in Spanish annual DTR, French annual TX, and French growing-season GDD. The lapse-rate correction improved 22 of 40 comparisons but usually worsened TN. Dataset choice should reflect support, variable, season, terrain, and application.
发表机构
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University(德州农工大学能源研究所,德州农工大学)
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