战争
Warfare
AI总结：
本文概述致命性自主武器系统，探讨人工智能赋予机器生死决定权所引发的问责、正义战争及伦理问题，并从技术与法律角度展开分析。
AI中文摘要：
当人工智能被赋予做出生死决定的权利时，会发生什么？机器来决定一个人的生死是否可取？如果可取，应对能够做出这些决定的武器施加何种限制？在国际法背景下，这类武器被称为“致命性自主武器系统”——即在启动后，无需人工干预即可选择和攻击目标的武器。这些武器代表了被人工智能颠覆的众多棘手领域之一。问责缺口、与“正义”战争实践的契合度，以及机器夺走人类生命所引发的道德或伦理疑虑，仅仅是该领域中的几个突出问题。本文将对致命性自主武器系统进行概述，并从技术和法律两个层面展开讨论。
英文摘要：
What happens when artificial intelligence is given the power to make life-and-death decisions? Is it ever desirable for a machine to decide if a human lives or dies, and if so, what types of restrictions should be placed around weapons capable of making these decisions? In the international law context, these types of weapons are known as ``lethal autonomous weapons systems''---weapons that, after being turned on, select and engage targets without human intervention. These weapons represent one of the many difficult areas that have been upended by artificial intelligence. Accountability gaps, alignment with ``just'' war practices, and moral or ethical qualms with machines taking human lives are just a few of the headline issues in this area. This entry will provide an overview of lethal autonomous weapons systems and break down the discussion along technical and legal lines.
