分布式量子计算机中的纠错
Error Correction in a Distributed Quantum Computer
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究首次实验演示了分布式量子纠错，利用光子互连连接两个捕获离子处理器，通过远程稳定子测量实现重复码错误检测和贝尔态上的主动错误纠正，为模块化量子计算奠定基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
构建具有大量逻辑量子比特的容错量子计算机，既需要可扩展的硬件架构，也需要能高效利用物理量子比特的纠错码。光子互连通过允许物理量子比特分布在多个处理器之间，同时提供实现资源高效码（如高码率量子低密度奇偶校验（qLDPC）码）所需的非局域连接性，从而解决了这两个挑战。实现该架构的一个关键要求是能够在远程处理器之间执行稳定子测量，而此前尚未在实验上得到验证。在此，我们报告了分布式量子错误检测与纠正的首次实验演示。我们在两个独立的捕获离子处理器中的网络量子比特之间生成纠缠，并利用该纠缠对数据量子比特执行远程综合征测量。我们首先实现了一个分布式[[2,1,1]]重复码，实时检测跨两个模块编码的逻辑量子比特上的相位翻转错误，并抑制逻辑错误。随后，我们将这些电路中综合征测量与实时前馈相结合，主动纠正分布式贝尔态上的任意单量子比特泡利错误。这些结果为跨模块量子架构中的量子纠错（QEC）提供了实验基础。
英文摘要
Building fault-tolerant quantum computers with large numbers of logical qubits requires both scalable hardware architectures and error-correcting codes that make efficient use of physical qubits. Photonic interconnects address both of these challenges by allowing the physical qubits to be distributed across multiple processors while providing the non-local connectivity necessary to implement resource-efficient codes such as high-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. A key requirement for realising this architecture is the ability to perform stabiliser measurements between remote processors, which has not previously been demonstrated experimentally. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of distributed quantum error detection and correction. We generate entanglement between network qubits in two separate trapped-ion processors and use it to perform remote syndrome measurements on data qubits. We first realise a distributed [[2, 1, 1]] repetition code, detecting phase-flip errors on a logical qubit encoded across the two modules in real time and suppressing logical errors. We then combine these mid-circuit syndrome measurements with real-time feedforward to actively correct arbitrary single-qubit Pauli errors on a distributed Bell state. These results provide an experimental foundation for quantum error correction (QEC) across modular quantum architectures.
发表机构
- University of Oxford（牛津大学）
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