可变选择集的需求估计:嵌套 Logit 的似然修正
Demand Estimation with Variable Choice Sets: A Likelihood Correction for Nested Logit
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文推导嵌套Logit精确似然并修正雅可比项,解决可变选择集下巢内替代偏误,应用于医保计划扩张,发现拥挤效应可估计且忽略会高估消费者剩余收益。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们推导了 Berry (1994) 份额形式嵌套 Logit 的精确似然函数,并表明其中包含一个依赖于巢规模与嵌套参数的雅可比项。当选择集在不同市场间变化时,忽略该项会导致巢内替代估计产生偏误。当产品数量直接进入需求函数时,常用的巢内份额计数工具变量不满足排他性约束。修正后的似然函数无需此类工具即可识别替代关系,从而使拥挤效应可估计。我们将该估计方法应用于2019年取消“有意义差异”要求后医疗保险优势计划的扩张。估计结果表明,计划扩张提高了大多数市场的消费者剩余,但忽略拥挤效应会高估其收益。
英文摘要
We derive the exact likelihood of the Berry (1994) share-form nested logit and show it contains a Jacobian term that depends on nest size and the nesting parameter. Omitting the term biases within-nest substitution estimates wherever choice sets vary across markets. Commonly-used count instruments for the within-nest share fail exclusion when product counts enter demand directly. The corrected likelihood identifies substitution without them, making crowding estimable. We apply the estimator to Medicare Advantage plan proliferation after 2019 elimination of the ``meaningful difference'' requirement. Estimates indicate plan proliferation raised consumer surplus in most markets, but ignoring crowding overstates the gains.
发表机构
- Hunter College and the Graduate Center, CUNY(亨特学院和纽约市立大学研究生中心)
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