发表机构
Alma Mater Studiorum — Università di Bologna; INFN, Sezione di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼部分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出小波检测滤波器（WDF），一种无需波形模板的实时引力波瞬变探测流水线，利用图神经网络对探测器间符合事件排序，并在O4数据上验证其低延迟和有效性。
AI 中文摘要
许多潜在的引力波瞬变信号源缺乏精确的波形模型，这促使人们开展不预设模板族的研究。小波检测滤波器（WDF）是一种非模板流水线，它通过识别白化探测器数据的小波系数中的过剩能量来探测信号。在此，我们将WDF发展为一种用于探测和重建的低延迟流水线，本文对该流水线进行了描述和验证。我们使用一种零相位流式自回归白化滤波器，该滤波器以固定延迟保持瞬变形态，并利用保留的小波系数同时提供探测统计量和信号的稀疏表示。通过跨连续分析窗口组合系数，该流水线能够重建比单个窗口更长的瞬变信号。我们用触发图表示探测器之间的候选符合事件，并使用有监督和无监督图神经网络（GNN）对其进行排序。我们根据时间平移数据估计排序后符合事件的显著性。我们在根据先进LIGO灵敏度曲线着色的高斯噪声上，以及在包含致密双星和核坍缩超新星注入的真实O4应变数据上验证了该流水线。应用于GW250114时，WDF无需波形模板即可将该事件识别为所分析时段内最响亮的零时移候选事件。我们测量了该流水线的计算成本和引入的延迟。两者均与低延迟搜索兼容，因此WDF可以在实时流上运行。
英文摘要
Accurate waveform models are unavailable for many potential sources of gravitational wave transients, motivating searches that do not assume a predefined template family. The Wavelet Detection Filter (WDF) is an unmodeled pipeline that identifies excess energy in the wavelet coefficients of whitened detector data. Here, we develop WDF into a low latency pipeline for both detection and reconstruction and this paper describes and validates that pipeline. We use a zero phase streaming autoregressive whitening filter that preserves transient morphology with a fixed latency and we use the retained wavelet coefficients to provide both a detection statistic and a sparse representation of the signal. By combining coefficients across consecutive analysis windows, the pipeline reconstructs transients longer than a single window. We represent candidate coincidences between detectors with a trigger graph and rank them with supervised and unsupervised graph neural networks (GNNs). We estimate the significance of the ranked coincidences from time shifted data. We validate the pipeline on Gaussian noise colored according to the Advanced LIGO sensitivity curve and on real O4 strain containing compact binary and core collapse supernova injections. Applied to GW250114, WDF identifies the event as the loudest zero lag candidate in the analyzed segment without using waveform templates. We measure the computational cost of the pipeline and the latency it introduces. Both are compatible with a low latency search,so WDF can run on a stream in real time.
