发表机构
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas ICMAT (CSIC-UAM-UC3M-UCM)(马德里自治大学; 马德里卡洛斯三世大学; 数学科学研究所 ICMAT)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究分数阶极快扩散方程在Lebesgue空间中的光滑效应,证明临界指标下的正反向光滑性并构造反例,揭示阈值行为与有限时间熄灭现象。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了与非线性非局部分数阶扩散方程 $\partial_t u+(-\Delta)^{\frac\sigma2}|u|^{m-1}u=0$(在 $\mathbb{R}^N$ 中,$0<\sigma<2$,极快范围 $0<m\le m_c:=\frac{N-\sigma}{N}$)相关的Cauchy问题在Lebesgue空间 $L^p$ 和 $\mathcal{M}^p:=L^{p,\infty}$ 中的正向和反向光滑效应。我们证明了当 $p>p^*:=\frac{N}{\sigma}(1-m)$ 时,非常弱解具有 $\mathcal{M}^p$--$L^\infty$ 光滑效应,并构造了反例表明当 $1<p<p^*$,$m<m_c$ 时任何 $L^p$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ 正向($q>p$)光滑效应失败,或当 $m=m_c$ 时 $L^1$--$\mathcal{M}^q$($q>1$)失败。我们还证明了当 $1\le p<p^*$,$m<m_c$ 时存在反向 $\mathcal{M}^p$--$L^1$ 光滑效应,并构造反例表明当 $p>p^*$ 时不存在 $L^p$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ 反向($q<p$)光滑效应。关于阈值 $p=p^*$,我们证明了所有从 $\mathcal{M}^{p^*}$ 出发的解在有限时间内消失,并表明在消失前任何 $\mathcal{M}^{p^*}$--$\mathcal{M}^q$($q\neq p^*$)光滑效应均失败。反例的构造基于非常弱解的新唯一性和比较结果,并结合具有适当性质的自相似解的存在性。同样的方法在局部情形 $\sigma=2$ 下也为正向和反向光滑效应提供了新的反例。
英文摘要
We investigate forward and backward smoothing effects in Lebesgue spaces $L^p$ and $\mathcal{M}^p:=L^{p,\infty}$ for the Cauchy problem associated to the nonlinear and nonlocal fractional diffusion equation $\partial_t u+(-Δ)^{\frac\sigma2}|u|^{m-1}u=0$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$, $0<σ<2$, in the very fast range $0<m\le m_c:=\frac{N-σ}{N}$. We prove that very weak solutions have an $\mathcal{M}^p$--$L^\infty$ smoothing effect if $p>p^*:=\frac{N}σ(1-m)$, and we construct counterexamples showing the failure of any $L^p$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ forward ($q>p$) smoothing effect if $1< p< p^*$, $m<m_c$ or $L^1$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ ($q>1$) if $m=m_c$. We also prove a backward $\mathcal{M}^p$--$L^1$ smoothing effect whenever $1\le p<p^*$, $m<m_c$, and we construct counterexamples showing that there is no $L^p$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ backward ($q<p$) smoothing effect if $p> p^*$. Regarding the threshold value $p=p^*$, we prove that all solutions starting in $\mathcal{M}^{p^*}$ become extinct in finite time, and show the failure of any $\mathcal{M}^{p^*}$--$\mathcal{M}^q$ smoothing before extinction for any $q\neq p^*$. The construction of counterexamples is based on new uniqueness and comparison results for very weak solutions, combined with the existence of self-similar solutions with suitable properties. The same approach yields new counterexamples for both forward and backward smoothing effects also in the local case $σ=2$.
Comments22 pages, 1 table