AI 中文总结
本研究利用OpenStreetMap和GHS-POP数据，绘制全球驾车至急诊及三级医院等时线地图，发现96.2%人口一小时内可达医院，但仅40.3%可达三级医院，并指出等同计数高估了时间关键型护理可及性。
AI 中文摘要
全球医疗可及性估算将所有医疗机构一视同仁。本研究基于OpenStreetMap网络，对全部217,841家医院进行驾车时间路径规划，并按嵌套能力层级溶解15、30和60分钟等时线，同时以GHS-POP 2025人口数据加权。结果显示，全球96.2%的人口居住在医院驾车一小时范围内，78.5%的人口可在一小时内到达设有记录在案急诊科的医院，而40.3%的人口可在一小时内到达设有直升机停机坪或名称含“大学”标识三级医疗服务的医院。在一小时内可到达医院但无法到达急诊医院的14.5亿人主要分布在南亚、东亚和尼日利亚；而距任何医院超过一小时的3.12亿人则分布在从萨赫勒到马达加斯加的地带。仅以直升机停机坪定义三级层级时，其估算结果保持不变，而等时线构建方式会使60分钟数据产生几个百分点的偏差。将所有医疗机构等同计数会高估时间关键型护理的可及性。
英文摘要
Global estimates of access to health care treat every facility alike. Drive time was routed on the OpenStreetMap network from all 217,841 of its hospitals and 15-, 30- and 60-minute isochrones dissolved for nested capability tiers, weighted with GHS-POP 2025. 96.2% of the world's population lives within an hour's drive of a hospital, 78.5% of a hospital with a documented emergency department, and 40.3% of one with a helipad or university name marking tertiary care. The 1.45 billion people within an hour of a hospital but not of an emergency hospital live mainly in South and East Asia and Nigeria; the 312 million beyond an hour of any hospital lie in a belt from the Sahel to Madagascar. Defining the tertiary tier by helipad alone leaves its estimate unchanged, and the isochrone construction shifts the 60-minute figures by a few percent. Counting every facility as equivalent overstates access to time-critical care.
Comments19 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables. Code and data: https://github.com/emailsson/global-hospital-travel-time
