从观测电流涨落认证隐藏耗散
Certifying Hidden Dissipation from Observed Current Fluctuations
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute（达纳-法伯癌症研究所）
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard（麻省理工学院和哈佛大学的布罗德研究所）
- Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文证明仅凭观测电流的涨落即可认证隐藏耗散，无需知道跃迁速率或访问隐藏跃迁，通过环可观测性条件将部分观测转化为最小能量补全问题。
AI中文摘要：
对驱动酶或马达的单分子实验仅能解析机器所经历的部分跃迁，然而人们希望知道其总共耗散多少自由能，包括在保持隐藏的步骤上的耗散。研究表明，观测到的跃迁上电流的均值与涨落能够认证这种隐藏耗散，而无需知道跃迁速率，也无需访问隐藏跃迁：当观测到的跃迁跨越网络的环时，观测电流的协方差恢复了完整的密度收缩二次电流几何结构，包括从未被观测到的跃迁的贡献。其机制在于涨落由动力学活性（即流量）决定，流量是电流的对称伙伴。将经验电流的大偏差代价在密度涨落上收缩，可将观测电流协方差识别为流量加权度量，并将部分观测转化为一个关于未观测环的最小能量补全问题，其解即为认证的隐藏代价。现有的电流涨落不确定性关系从选定电流约束耗散，但未说明部分观测何时能确定隐藏贡献；本文推导的环可观测性条件做到了这一点。所述结论涉及长时间均值和涨落；有限时间估计需要单独的误差控制。
英文摘要：
A single-molecule experiment on a driven enzyme or motor resolves only a few of the transitions the machine makes, yet one would like to know how much free energy it dissipates in total, including on the steps that stay hidden. The mean and the fluctuations of the currents on the watched transitions are shown to certify this hidden dissipation, with no knowledge of the transition rates and no access to the hidden transitions: when the watched transitions span the cycles of the network, the observed-current covariance recovers the full density-contracted quadratic current geometry, including the contribution of transitions that are never seen. The mechanism is that fluctuations are set by the dynamical activity, or traffic, the symmetric partner of the current. Contracting the large-deviation cost of empirical currents over density fluctuations identifies the observed-current covariance with a traffic-weighted metric, and turns partial observation into a minimum-energy completion problem over the unseen cycles, whose solution is the certified hidden cost. Existing current-fluctuation uncertainty relations bound dissipation from chosen currents but do not say when partial observation fixes the hidden contribution; the cycle-observability condition derived here does. The statements concern long-time means and fluctuations; finite-time estimates require separate error control.
