发表机构
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University; Shishan Laboratory, Suzhou Campus of Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University; Hefei National Laboratory; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China（南京大学固体微结构物理学院; 南京大学苏州校区石湖实验室; 南京大学量子信息科学与技术江苏省重点实验室; 合肥国家实验室; 中国科学技术大学量子信息与量子科技创新研究院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种基于超导电路的量子分解协议，通过微波驱动构造可调二能级系统并光谱测量，无需纠缠即可分解六位整数，性能受限于控制精度和线宽。
AI 中文摘要
整数分解是一个核心的计算问题，在公钥密码学中有着重要应用。在此，我们展示了一种使用超导电路的量子分解协议。利用微波驱动来构造一个高度可调的有效二能级哈密顿量，其本征值可通过光谱测量得到。目标整数\(N\)和每个候选因子对(\(p\)，\(q\))被编码到所施加微波场的振幅、频率和相位中。通过扫描候选因子对，同时监测零能量处的光谱响应，我们识别出高达六位整数的因子对。该协议既不需要双量子比特门，也不需要量子纠缠。其性能目前受限于微波控制的精度和光谱响应的有限线宽。改进的控制精度和更长的相干时间将扩展可访问整数的范围。
英文摘要
Integer factorization is a central computational problem with important applications in public-key cryptography. Here, we demonstrate a quantum factorization protocol using a superconducting circuit. Microwave drives are used to engineer a highly tunable effective two-level Hamiltonian whose eigenvalues can be measured spectroscopically. The target integer \(N\) and each candidate factor pair (\(p\),\(q\)) are encoded into the amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of the applied microwave fields. By scanning the candidate pairs while monitoring the spectral response at zero energy, we identify the factor pairs of integers up to six digits. The protocol requires neither two-qubit gates nor quantum entanglement. Its performance is currently limited by the precision of microwave control and the finite linewidth of the spectroscopic response. Improved control accuracy and longer coherence times would extend the accessible range of integers.
