发表机构
Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich; Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University（苏黎世联邦理工学院理论物理研究所; 格里菲斯大学量子与先进技术研究院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在量子计算机上实现具有类智能体功能的维格纳朋友场景，验证局部友好性不等式的量子违背，为未来使用人工智能体进行LF测试奠定基础。
AI 中文摘要
维格纳朋友思想实验提出了一个问题：量子理论能否一致地应用于包含观察者的系统。扩展维格纳朋友场景通过考虑多个可能对同一实验赋予不同描述的观察者来发展这一问题。在局部友好性（LF）框架中，这些场景导出了基于观察事件绝对性和局部能动性等假设的可实验检验的不等式。受局部友好性不可行定理的“深思”版本（该版本指向未来在量子计算机上使用人类水平的人工智能体进行LF测试）的启发，本工作在可逆量子电路中实现了具有显式类智能体功能的“朋友”。借鉴人工智能领域的文献，我们构建了初步的类智能体系统，并将其嵌入到单朋友扩展维格纳朋友场景中。这些智能体存储测量结果，根据存储的信息条件化后续操作，并且在最结构化的情形中，使用玻恩规则概率根据过去的观察来对自己未来的观察结果下注。电路在理想条件下以及使用IBM设备噪声模型进行模拟，并在ibm_marrakesh上执行。理想模拟重现了局部友好性不等式的最大量子违背（在有限次测量波动范围内），而硬件运行对所有实现的智能体均显示出正的LF违背。这些结果为在量子计算机上的LF实验中构建更结构化的类智能体朋友模型迈出了第一步。
英文摘要
The Wigner's friend thought experiment raises the question of whether quantum theory can be applied consistently to systems that include observers. Extended Wigner's Friend Scenarios develop this question by considering several observers who may assign different descriptions to the same experiment. In the Local Friendliness (LF) framework, these scenarios lead to experimentally testable inequalities derived from assumptions such as Absoluteness of Observed Events and Local Agency. Motivated by the "Thoughtful" version of the Local Friendliness no-go theorem, which points towards future LF tests with human-level artificial agents implemented on quantum computers, this work implements the "friend" with explicit agent-like functionality within a reversible quantum circuit. Drawing from the literature on Artificial Intelligence, we construct rudimentary agent-like systems and embed them into a one-friend Extended Wigner's Friend Scenario. These agents store measurement outcomes, condition later operations on stored information, and, in the most structured case, use Born-rule probabilities to bet on the outcomes of their own future observations based on past observations. The circuits are simulated ideally and with an IBM-device noise model and executed on ibm_marrakesh. Ideal simulations reproduce the maximal quantum violation of a Local Friendliness inequality up to finite-shot fluctuations, while hardware runs show positive LF violations for all implemented agents. These results provide a first step towards more structured agent-like friend models in LF experiments on quantum computers.
