AI 中文总结
本文推导孤立量子系统在有限时间幺正驱动下的热力学速度极限，通过广义第二定律不等式将熵产生与量子Wasserstein距离关联，给出操作时间下界，并应用于多种粗粒化场景。
AI 中文摘要
我们推导了经历有限时间幺正驱动的孤立量子系统的热力学速度极限。关键要素是一组广义第二定律不等式：对于吉布斯熵以及几种热力学动机下的观测熵，熵产生从下方受限于初始和最终粗粒化态之间的Vu-Saito量子Wasserstein距离的函数。这些不等式给出了操作时间关于平均熵产生率的下界。我们将该框架应用于系统-浴粗粒化、局部能量粗粒化和对角熵，并通过数值和可解析求解的示例说明了所得界限。我们的结果为孤立量子系统中有限时间态变换提供了热力学刻画，并阐明了粗粒化熵产生如何约束宏观可达性。
英文摘要
We derive thermodynamic speed limits for isolated quantum systems undergoing finite-time unitary driving. The key ingredient is a set of generalized second-law inequalities: for the Gibbs entropy and for several thermodynamically motivated observational entropies, the entropy production is bounded from below by a function of the Vu--Saito quantum Wasserstein distance between the initial and final coarse-grained states. These inequalities yield lower bounds on the operation time in terms of the average entropy-production rate. We apply the framework to system--bath coarse-graining, local-energy coarse-graining, and diagonal entropy, and illustrate the resulting bounds with numerical and analytically solvable examples. Our results provide a thermodynamic characterization of finite-time state transformations in isolated quantum systems and clarify how coarse-grained entropy production constrains macroscopic reachability.
Comments22 pages, 7 figures
