发表机构
Zhejiang Normal University(浙江师范大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过递增二叉树模型为欧拉多项式$\gamma$-展开的$q$-模拟系数提供了组合解释,解决了Han、Jouhet和Zeng提出的问题,并证明了正性猜想。
AI 中文摘要
Han、Jouhet 和 Zeng 建立了 $A$ 型和 $B$ 型欧拉多项式的 $\gamma$-展开公式的 $q$-模拟。然而,相应系数 $a_{n,k}(q)$ 和 $b_{n,k}(q)$ 的组合解释仍然悬而未决。在本文中,我们利用递增二叉树模型为这些系数提供了组合解释,从而解决了 Han、Jouhet 和 Zeng 提出的问题。我们的组合方法包含三个主要步骤:1. 为递增二叉树构造一个 Carlitz 型插入双射,并由此导出 Carlitz 的 $A$ 型 $q$-欧拉多项式的一个新的组合解释;2. 在递增二叉树上引入一个广义的 Foata--Strehl 作用,以解释系数 $a_{n,k}(q)$;3. 为 Chow 和 Gessel 引入的 $B$ 型 $q$-欧拉多项式导出其在 $B$ 型递增二叉树上的新的组合解释,并在这些树上发展一个广义的 Foata--Strehl 作用,以解释系数 $b_{n,k}(q)$。我们进一步给出了商 ${a_{n,k}(q)/(-q;q)_{k-1}}$ 和 ${b_{n,k}(q)/(1+q)^k(-q;q^2)_k}$ 的组合解释,分别用 André 树和某类 $B$ 型递增二叉树表示。作为后一解释的应用,我们获得了正割数的一个 $q$-模拟的组合解释,并证明了 Han、Jouhet 和 Zeng 的正性猜想。
英文摘要
Han, Jouhet and Zeng established $q$-analogues of the $γ$-expansion formulas for Eulerian polynomials of types $A$ and $B$. Combinatorial interpretations of the corresponding coefficients$a_{n,k}(q)$ and $b_{n,k}(q)$, however, remained open. In this paper, we provide combinatorial interpretations for thesecoefficients by using the model of increasing binary trees, thereby resolving a problem posed by Han, Jouhet and Zeng. Our combinatorial approach consists of three main steps: 1. construct a Carlitz-type insertion bijection for increasing binary trees and derive a new combinatorial interpretation ofCarlitz's $q$-Eulerian polynomials of type $A$ in terms of such trees; 2. introduce a generalized Foata--Strehl action on increasing binary trees to interpret the coefficients $a_{n,k}(q)$;3. derive a new combinatorial interpretation for the $q$-Eulerianpolynomials of type $B$ introduced by Chow and Gessel in terms of increasing binary trees of type $B$, and develop a generalizedFoata--Strehl action on these trees to interpret the coefficients $b_{n,k}(q)$. We further give combinatorial interpretations for the quotients ${a_{n,k}(q)/(-q;q)_{k-1}}$ and ${b_{n,k}(q)/(1+q)^k(-q;q^2)_k}$ in terms of André trees and a certain class of increasing binary trees of type $B$, respectively. As an application of the latter interpretation, we obtain a combinatorial interpretation for a $q$-analogue of the secant number and prove the positivity conjecture of Han, Jouhet and Zeng.