星际天体 3I/ATLAS 的高水 D/H 比与其低金属丰度起源一致
High water D/H ratio of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is consistent with a low-metallicity origin
- RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute(理化学研究所前沿研究部)
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心)
- Catholic University of America(美利坚天主教大学)
- Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université(巴黎天文台,巴黎文理研究大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学,塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学)
- Auburn University(奥本大学)
- University of Washington(华盛顿大学)
- LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing(LSST跨学科协作与计算网络)
- Northern Arizona University(北亚利桑那大学)
- Universität Bern(伯尔尼大学)
- American University(美利坚大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
该研究通过天体化学模型表明,星际天体 3I/ATLAS 的高水 D/H 比可在低金属丰度(≤0.5倍太阳)和高云密度下重现,水的氘化可作为其母云金属丰度和物理条件的探针。
AI中文摘要:
最近的 JWST 观测揭示了星际天体 3I/ATLAS 中含碳分子中异常高的 $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C 比值,这与在比当前本地星际介质(ISM)金属丰度更低的环境中形成相一致。3I/ATLAS 还表现出异常高的水 D/H 比,超过了太阳系彗星和附近低质量恒星形成区中的值。本文利用气体-冰天体化学模型,研究这种高水 D/H 比能否在低金属丰度形成情景中得到再现。假设 3I/ATLAS 中观测到的水继承自其母分子云和分子云核,我们执行了一系列覆盖从云到云核阶段的天体化学模型网格,变化气体密度、紫外辐射场($\chi$)、宇宙射线电离率($\zeta$)和金属丰度,同时求解气体温度的热平衡。我们发现,较低的金属丰度增强了 H$_3^+$ 的氘化作用,更重要的是增强了其向水冰的转移。相反,水 D/H 比对 $\chi$ 和 $\zeta$ 的依赖是非单调的,这是因为化学效应和热效应相互竞争。在我们的模型中,观测到的水 D/H 比最容易在亚太阳金属丰度($\lesssim0.5Z_\odot$)和相对较高的云密度(约 $10^4$ cm$^{-3}$)下重现,而对 $\chi$ 或 $\zeta$ 没有强约束,只要 $\zeta<10^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$。甲烷的 D/H 比(以水的 D/H 比归一化)对金属丰度不敏感,这与 67P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星和 3I/ATLAS 中观测到的相似值一致。这些结果表明,水的氘化作用可以作为星际天体母分子云和致密核的金属丰度及物理条件的补充探针。
英文摘要:
Recent JWST observations have revealed unusually high $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratios in carbon-bearing molecules of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, consistent with formation in a lower-metallicity environment than the present-day local interstellar medium (ISM). 3I/ATLAS also exhibits an exceptionally high water D/H ratio, exceeding those in Solar System comets and nearby low-mass star-forming regions. Here we investigate whether this high water D/H ratio can be reproduced in a low-metallicity formation scenario, using gas-ice astrochemical models. Assuming that the water observed in 3I/ATLAS was inherited from the parent molecular cloud and core, we perform a grid of astrochemical models covering the cloud to core stages, varying the gas density, ultraviolet radiation field ($χ$), cosmic-ray ionization rate ($ζ$), and metallicity, while solving thermal balance for the gas temperature. We find that lower metallicity enhances H$_3^+$ deuteration and, more importantly, its transfer to water ice. In contrast, water D/H ratio depends non-monotonically on $χ$ and $ζ$, because of competing chemical and thermal effects. In our models, the observed water D/H ratio is most readily reproduced at subsolar metallicities, $\lesssim0.5Z_\odot$, and relatively high cloud densities of $\sim$10$^4$ cm$^{-3}$ without strong constraints on either $χ$ or $ζ$, as long as $ζ<10^{-15}$ s$^{-1}$. The D/H ratio of methane normalized by that of water is not sensitive to the metallicity, being consistent with the similar values observed in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 3I/ATLAS. These results suggest that water deuteration may provide a complementary probe of the metallicity and physical condition of the parent molecular cloud and dense core of interstellar objects.