场协同与分形几何驱动的液冷板对流换热优化
Convective Heat Transfer Optimization for Liquid Cooling Plates Driven by Field Synergy and Fractal Geometry
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
针对液冷板拓扑优化难以直接优化对流换热的问题，提出结合场协同与分形几何的CTO方法，在层流和湍流下分别降低温升20%和10.2%，并提升努塞尔数15%、降低压降25%。
AI中文摘要：
液冷数据中心的快速发展对液冷板的性能提出了迫切要求。基于密度的拓扑优化（TO）是解决液冷板日益增长的热工水力性能需求的有效方法。然而，现有的拓扑优化方法难以直接优化作为内在传热机制的对流换热，这是由于结构拓扑的高度复杂性和演化性、流动与温度场的不断变化，使得在拓扑优化过程中显式描述传热系数和换热面积极为困难。本研究提出了一种对流换热拓扑优化（CTO）方法，其中迭代演化的传热系数通过热目标中的场协同理论显式描述，并直接由速度场和温度场描述，而不依赖于特定几何形状。结合分形几何理论对换热面积的显式描述，构建了一个CTO框架，用于在层流和湍流条件下直接优化对流换热。CTO在优化结果中倾向于生成更具层次性和方向性的结构拓扑，这有助于减少低速滞止区并改善分支通道中的流动方向，从而在优化的液冷板中实现增强的协同性和热工水力性能。与未纳入场协同理论的TO结果相比，CTO在层流条件下可将平均温升降低20%，同时将努塞尔数提高15%；在湍流条件下可将最大温升降低10.2%，压降降低25%。
英文摘要：
The rapid development of liquid-cooled data centers has imposed imperative demands on the performance of liquid cooling plate. The density-based topology optimization (TO) is an effective approach to resolving the growing thermal-hydraulic performance requirements of liquid cooling plate. However, existing TO methods can hardly optimize convective heat transfer directly which is the intrinsic heat transfer mechanism, due to the highly complex and evolving structural topologies, varying flow and temperature fields, making it extremely challenging to explicitly describe the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area during TO process. A convective heat transfer topology optimization (CTO) method is proposed in this study, where the iteratively evolving heat transfer coefficient is explicitly depicted by the field synergy theory in the thermal objective, and directly described by the velocity and temperature fields without relying on specific geometry. Combined with the explicit depiction of heat transfer area by the fractal geometry theory, a CTO framework is built for a direct optimization of convective heat transfer under both the laminar and turbulent flow conditions. The CTO tends to generate more hierarchical and directional structural topologies in optimization results, which is conducive to reducing low-velocity stagnation zones and improving flow direction in branched channels, achieving enhanced synergy and thermal-hydraulic performance in the optimized liquid cooling plates. Compared with the TO results without incorporation of field synergy theory, the CTO can reduce average temperature rise by 20% while improving the Nusselt number by 15% under laminar flow conditions, and reduce maximum temperature rise by 10.2% and pressure drop by 25% under turbulent flow conditions.
